返回信息流十七大胡的报告（英文版）
Speech by Hu Jintao to the 17th National Congress (full text)
Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism With Chinese Characteristics and Strive
for New Victories in Building a Moderately Properous Society in All Respects
Report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on
October 15, 2007
Hu Jintao
Comrades,
Now I would like to make a report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the
Communist Party of China {CPC} on behalf of the Sixteenth Central Committee.
The Seventeenth Congress is one of vital importance being held at a crucial
stage of China's reform and development. The theme of the congress is to hold
high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the
guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents,
thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, continue to emancipate
the mind, persist in reform and opening up, pursue development in a scientific
w ay, promote social harmony, and strive for new victories in building a
moderately prosperous society in all respects.
The great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the banner
guiding development and progress in contemporary China and rallying the whole
Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country in our common
endeavor. Emancipating the mind is a magic instrument for developing socialism
with Chinese characteristics, reform and opening up provide a strong driving
force for developing it, and scientific development and social harmony are
basic requirements for developing it. Building a moderately prosperous society
in all respects is a fundamental goal for the Party and the state to reach by
2020, and represents the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic
groups.
The world today is undergoing extensive and profound changes, and contemporary
China is going through a wide-ranging and deep-going transformation. This
brings us unprecedented opportunities as well as unprecedented- challenges,
with the former outweighing the latter. The whole Party must unswervingly hold
high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and lead the
people in starting from this new historical point, grasping and making the most
of the important period of strategic opportunities, staying realistic and
pragmatic, forging ahead with determination, continuing to build a moderately
prosperous society in all respects and accelerate socialist modernization, and
accomplishing the lofty mission bestowed by the times.
I. The Work of the Past Five Years
The five years since the Sixteenth Congress was an extraordinary period. In
order to accomplish the arduous tasks of reform and development in a
complicated and volatile international situation, the Party led the people of
all ethnic groups in holding high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and
the important thought of Three Represents, overcoming difficulties and risks,
creating a new situation in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics
and attaining a new realm in adapting Marxism to conditions in China.
At its Sixteenth Congress the Party established the important thought of Three
Represents as its guide and made the strategic decision to build a moderately
prosperous society in ail respects. In order to implement the guiding
principles of the congress, the Central Committee convened sessions, at which
it made decisions on and arrangements for major issues of overall significance
such as deepening institutional restructuring, improving the socialist market
economy, strengthening the governance capability of the Party, drawing up the
Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2006-10), and building a harmonious socialist society;
and it formulated and applied the Scientific Outlook on Development and other
major strategic thoughts. All this helped the Party and the state score great
new achievements.
Economic strength increased substantially. The economy sustained steady and
rapid growth. The GDP expanded by an annual average of over 10%. Economic
performance improved significantly, national revenue rose markedly year by year,
and prices were basically stable. Efforts to build a new socialist countryside
yielded solid results, and development among regions became more balanced. The
endeavor to make China an innovative nation registered good progress, with
considerable improvement in the country's capacity for independent innovation.
Notable achievements were scored in the construction of infrastructure
including energy, transport and telecommunications facilities and other key
projects. Manned spaceflights were successfully conducted. Fresh progress was
registered in energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation. The
Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-05) was fulfilled successfully and implementation of
the eleventh is in smooth progress.
Major breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up. Comprehensive reforms
in rural areas gradually deepened; agricultural tax, livestock tax and taxes on
special agricultural products were rescinded throughout the country; and
policies were constantly strengthened to support and benefit agriculture, rural
areas and farmers. Significant headway was made in reform of the state assets
management system, state-owned enterprises, banking, public finance, taxation,
investment, pricing, and the system for managing science and technology. The
non-public sector of the economy grew stronger. A sound market system was being
put in place, macroeconomic regulation continued to improve, and transformation
of government functions was accelerated. The total volume of imports and
exports increased sharply. Solid steps were taken in implementing the "go
global" strategy, and the open economy entered a new stage of development.
Living standards improved significantly. Both urban and rural incomes increased
considerably, and most families had more property than before. The system of
subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents was basically in place,
guaranteeing basic living conditions for the poor. Residents improved their
consumption patterns, had increasingly better food, clothing, housing,
transport and other daily necessities, and enjoyed markedly improved public
services.
Fresh progress was registered in improving democracy and the legal system.
Political restructuring progressed steadily. Constant improvement was made in
the system of people's congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and
political consultation under the leadership of the CPC and the system of
regional ethnic autonomy. Primary-level democracy increased its vitality. The
cause of human rights witnessed sound development: The patriotic united front
grew stronger. A socialist law system with Chinese characteristics was
basically in place. The rule of law was effectively implemented as a
fundamental principle. Reform of the government administration system and the
judicial system continued to deepen.
A new situation was created in cultural development. Efforts to establish the
system of socialist core values made steady headway and marked achievements
were scored in the Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory. Extensive
efforts were made to raise ideological and ethical standards and the whole of
society became more culturally advanced. Cultural restructuring made important
progress, cultural programs and the cultural industry developed rapidly, and
the people enjoyed a richer cultural life. Fresh progress was made in public
fitness programs and competitive sports.
Social development proceeded in an all-round way. Education of various kinds
and at different levels developed rapidly. Free compulsory education was made
available in all rural areas. More job opportunities were created. The social
security system was strengthened. The battle against SARS came to a great
victory. The public health system and basic medical care constantly improved,
contributing to better health of the people. Social management improved step by
step. Social stability was ensured and the.people lived and worked in peace and
contentment.
Historic achievements were scored in the development of national defense and
the armed forces. The revolution in military affairs with Chinese
characteristics was accelerated. The armed forces were reduced by 200, 000
troops. Efforts were intensified in all respects to make the armed forces more
revolutionary, modernized and standardized, which notably increased their
capacity to accomplish their historical missions at this new stage in the new
century.
Work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan affairs was intensified. Hong Kong
and Macao maintained their prosperity and stability and developed closer
economic partnership with the mainland. Political parties on both sides of the
Taiwan Straits started communication, and cross-Straits visits as well as
economic and cultural exchanges reached a new high. The Anti-Secession Law was
enacted to resolutely safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Major progress was made in all-directional diplomacy. Pursuing an independent
foreign policy of peace, China energetically carried out diplomatic activities,
enhanced exchanges and cooperation with other countries in various fields and
played a major constructive role in international affairs. This created a
favorable international environment for building a moderately prosperous
society in all respects.
The great new undertaking to build the Party made solid progress. Endeavors to
strengthen the Party's governance capability and vanguard nature were
intensified. Efforts to make theoretical innovations and arm Party members with
the achievements proved successful. The campaign to educate Party members to
preserve their vanguard nature yielded substantial results. Intra-Party
democracy continued to expand. Major headway was made in strengthening the
Party's leading bodies and the ranks of its cadres, and especially in educating
and training cadres. Work in relation to talented personnel was strengthened.
Efforts were stepped up to reform the cadre and personnel system and make
innovations in the organizational system. Remarkable results were achieved in
improving the Party's style of work, upholding integrity and combating
corruption.
While recognizing our achievements, we must be well aware that they still fall
short of the expectations of the people and that there are still quite a few
difficulties and problems on our way forward. The outstanding ones include the
following: Our economic growth is realized at an excessively high cost of
resources and the environment. There remains an imbalance in development
between urban and rural areas, among regions, and between the economy and
society. It has become more difficult to bring about a steady growth of
agriculture and continued increase in farmers' incomes. There are still many
problems affecting people's immediate interests in areas such as employment,
social security, income distribution, education, public health, housing, work
safety, administration of justice and public order; and some low-income people
lead a rather difficult life. More efforts are needed to promote ideological
and ethical progress. The governance capability of the Party falls somewhat
short of the need to deal with the new situation and tasks. In-depth
investigations and studies have yet to be conducted on some major practical
issues related to reform, development and stability. Some primary Party
organizations are weak and lax. A small number of Party cadres are not honest
and upright, their formalism and bureaucratism are quite conspicuous, and
extravagance, waste, corruption and other undesirable behavior: are still
serious-problems with them. We must pay close attention to these problems and
continue our efforts to solve them.
To sum up, the past five years was a period in which substantial progress was
made in reform, opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all
respects. During this period, China's overall strength grew considerably and
the people enjoyed more tangible benefits. China's international standing and
influence rose notably. The creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of
the Party increased significantly, and the whole Party and the people of all
ethnic groups became more united. Facts have proved that the major policy
decisions made by the Central Committee at and since the Sixteenth Congress are
perfectly correct.
Our achievements over the past five years are attributed to the concerted
efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups. On behalf of
the Central Committee, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the people of
all ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations and patriots
from all walks of life, to our compatriots in the special administrative
regions of Hong Kong and Macao and in Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese
nationals, and to our foreign friends who care about and support China's
modernization drive!
II. The Great Historical Course of Reform and Qpening Up
We will soon be celebrating the 30th anniversary of the start of reform and
opening up. In 1978, the Party held the historic Third Plenary Session of the
Eleventh Central Committee, which ushered in the new historical period of
reform and opening up. Since then, the Chinese Communists and the Chinese
people have, in an indomitable enterprising spirit and with their spectacular
practice of innovation, composed a new epic recounting the Chinese nation's
ceaseless efforts to make progress and become stronger, and historic changes
have taken place in the visages of the Chinese people, socialist China and the
CPC.
Reform and opening up represent a great new revolution carried on by the people
under the Party's leadership in a new era to release and develop the productive
forces, modernize the country, bring prosperity to the Chinese people and
rejuvenate the great Chinese nation; to promote the self-improvement and
development of China's socialist system, inject new vitality into socialism,
and build and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics; and to improve
the building of the Party as it leads contemporary China in development and
progress, preserve and enhance its vanguard nature, and ensure that it is
always in the forefront of the times.
We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was
conducted on a foundation laid by the Party's first generation of central
collective leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong at its core, which founded Mao
Zedong Thought, led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in
establishing the People's Republic and scoring great achievements in our
socialist revolution and. construction, and gained invaluable experience in its
painstaking exploration for laws governing socialist construction. The victory
in the new-democratic revolution and the establishment of the basic system of
socialism provided the fundamental political prerequisite and institutional
basis for every inch of development and progress in contemporary China.
We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was
initiated by the Party's second generation of central collective leadership
with Comrade Deng Xiaoping at its core leading the whole Party and the people
of all ethnic groups in the endeavor. 1n a precarious situation left by the
"cultural revolution" (1966-76), the second generation of central collective
leadership, persisting in emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts
and displaying immense political and theoretical courage, made a scientific
appraisal of Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought, thoroughly repudiated
the erroneous theory and practice of "taking class struggle as the key link,''
and made the historic policy decision to shift the focus of the work of the
Party and the state onto economic development and introduce reform and opening
up. It established the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, sounded
the clarion call of the times for taking our own road and building socialism
with Chinese characteristics, founded Deng Xiaoping Theory, and led the whole
Parry and the people of all ethnic groups in striding forward on the great
journey of reform and opening up.
We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was carried
on, developed and successfully carried l into the 21st century by the Party's
third generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Jiang Zemin at
its core leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups on this
mission. From the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee
through the Sixteenth Congress, the third generation of central collective
leadership, which took over the helm at a critical historical juncture, held
high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, pressed ahead with reform and
opening up and kept up with the times. Relying on the Party and the people, it
stood the severe tests of political turbulences and economic risks at home and
abroad, safeguarded socialism with Chinese characteristics, initiated the new,
socialist market economy and ushered in a new phase of all-round opening up;
and it advanced the great new undertaking to build the Party, founded the
important thought of Three Represents, and steered the ship of reform and
opening up forward on the right course.
Since the Sixteenth Congress, we have followed the guidance of Deng Xiaoping
Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, kept up with new
developments and changes in and outside China, grasped the strategic
opportunities in this important period, promoted the truth-seeking, pragmatic
and pioneering spirit and persisted in innovation in both theory and practice.
We have worked hard to promote scientific development and social harmony,
improved the socialist market economy, and resolutely carried forward the great
cause of reform and opening up in building a moderately prosperous society in
all respects.
Reform and opening up constitute the most salient feature of the new period.
From the countryside to the cities and from the economic to other areas, the
process of sweeping reform has unfolded with irresistible momentum. From the
coastal areas to areas along the Yangtze River and the borders, and from the
eastern to the central and western regions, the door has been resolutely opened
to the outside world. This great undertaking of reform and opening up, never
seen before in history, has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of hundreds of
millions of Chinese people and brought about China's historic transformation
from a highly centralized planned economy to a robust socialist market economy,
and from a closed or semi-closed state to all-round opening up. Today socialist
China is standing rock-firm in the East, oriented toward modernization, the
world and the future.
Rapid development represents the most remarkable achievement in the new period.
The Party has been implementing the three-step strategy for modernization,
leading the people in working hard to promote China's sustained rapid
development at a rate rarely seen in the world. China's economy, once on the
verge of collapse, has grown to rank as the fourth largest in the world, and
its import and export volume, the third biggest. The Chinese people, once
inadequately fed and clad, are leading a fairly comfortable life on the whole.
The impoverished population in rural areas has dropped from more than 250
million to just over 20 million. The country's achievements in political,
cultural and social development have captured world attention. China's
development has not only enabled its people to move steadily toward prosperity
and happiness, but also contributed substantially to the growth of the world
economy and the progress of human civilization.
Keeping up with the times is the most prominent hallmark of the new period.
Adhering to the Marxist ideological line, the Party has been constantly seeking
answers to major theoretical and practical questions such as what socialism is
and how to build it, what kind of party we must build. and how to build it, and
what kind of development China should achieve and how to achieve it. The Party
has been constantly adapting Marxism to conditions in China, and adhering to
and enriching its own basic theory, line, program and experience. Socialism and
Marxism have shown great vitality on Chinese soil, brought more benefits to the
people, and enabled the Chinese nation to catch. up with the trend of the times
in great strides and see the bright future of national rejuvenation.
Facts have incontrovertibly proved that the decision to begin reform and
opening up is vital to the destiny of contemporary China that reform and
opening up are the only way of developing socialism with Chinese
characteristics and rejuvenating the Chinese nation, that only socialism can
save China and that only reform and opening up can develop China, socialism and
Marxism.
As a great new revolution, reform and opening up are not to be plain sailing or
be accomplished overnight. Essentially they accord with the aspirations of the
Party membership and the people and keep up with the trend of the times. The
orientation and path of reform and opening up are entirely correct, and ,their
merits anal achievements taxi never be negated. To stop or reverse reform and
opening up would only lead to a blind alley.
In the historical course of reform and opening up, the Party has combined
adhering to the basic tenets of Marxism with adapting it to Chinese conditions,
upholding the Four Cardinal Principles*(The Four Cardinal Principles are to
keep to the socialist road and to uphold the people's democratic dictatorship,
leadership by the Communist Party, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.)
with adhering to the reform and opening up policy, respecting the people's
pioneering initiative with strengthening the Party's leadership, adhering to
the basic, system of socialism with developing the market, economy, effecting
changes, in the economic base with promoting reform of the superstructure,
developing the productive forces with improving the cultural and ethical
quality of the whole nation, raising efficiency with promoting social equity,
pursuing independent development with taking part in economic globalization,
promoting reform and development with maintaining social stability, and
advancing the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics with making
progress in the great new undertaking to build the Party. In this course the
Party has gained invaluable experience in eliminating poverty, accelerating
modernization, and consolidating and developing socialism in a large developing
country of over one billion people.
To sum up, the fundamental reason behind all our achievements and progress
since the reform and opening up policy was introduced is that we have blazed a
path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established a system of
theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Essentially, to hold high
the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics means to keep to
this path and uphold this system.
Taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics means we will, under
the leadership of the CPC and in light of China's basic conditions, take
economic development as the central task, adhere to the Four Cardinal
Principles and persevere in reform and opening up, release and develop the
productive forces, consolidate and improve the socialist system, develop the
socialist market economy, socialist democracy, an advanced socialist culture
and a harmonious socialist society, and make China a prosperous, strong,
democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious modern socialist country. The
main reason this path is completely correct and can lead China to development,
and progress is that we have adhered to the basic tenets of scientific
socialism and in the meantime added to them distinct Chinese characteristics in
light of China's conditions and the features of the times. In contemporary
China, to stay true to socialism means to keep to the path of socialism with
Chinese characteristics.
Theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics constitute a system of
scientific theories including Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of
Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development and other major
strategic thoughts. This system represents the Party's adherence to and
development of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought and embodies the wisdom
and hard work of several generations of Chinese Communists leading the people
in carrying out tireless explorations and practices. It is the latest
achievement in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, the Party's invaluable
political and intellectual asset, and the common ideological foundation for the
concerted endeavor of the people of all ethnic groups. It is an open system
that keeps developing. Practices since the publication of the Communist
Manifesto nearly 160 years ago have proved that only when Marxism is integrated
with the conditions of a specific country, advances in step with the times arid
is tied to the destiny of the people can it demonstrate its strong vitality,
creativity and appeal. In contemporary China, to stay true to Marxism means to
adhere to the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
There is no end to practice or innovation. All Party members must cherish the
path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the system of theories of
socialism with Chinese characteristics, which the Party explored and created
after going through all the hardships, keep to the path and uphold the system
for a long time to come and constantly develop them. We must continue to
emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep up with the times, make bold
changes and innovations, stay away from rigidity or stagnation, fear no risks,
never be confused by any interference, broaden our path of socialism with
Chinese characteristics, and -ensure that the truth of Marxism of- contemporary
China shines even more brightly.
III. Thoroughly Applying the Scientific Outlook on Development
To continue to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and
develop socialism with Chinese characteristics at the new stage of development,
we must follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought
of Three Represents and thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.
The Scientif c Outlook on Development is a continuation and development of the
important thoughts on development advanced by the three generations of central
collective leadership of the CPC and a concentrated expression of the Marxist
world outlook and methodology with regard to development. It is a scientific
theory that is in the same line as Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng
Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and keeps up with
the times. It is an important guiding principle for China's economic and social
development and a major strategic thought that we must uphold and apply in
developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.
In light of the basic reality that China is in the primary stage of socialism,
the Scientific Outlook on Development has been formulated to meet new
requirements of development by analyzing China's own practice and drawing on
the experience of other countries in development. At this new stage in the new
century, China's development shows a series of new features which are mainly as
follows: The economic strength has increased markedly, but the overall
productivity remains low, the capacity for independent innovation is weak, and
the longstanding structural problems and the extensive mode of growth are yet
to be fundamentally addressed. The socialist market economy is basically in
place, but there remain structural and institutional obstacles slowing down
development; and further reform in difficult areas is confronted with
deep-seated problems. A relatively comfortable standard of living has been
achieved for the people as a whole, but the trend of a growing gap in income
distribution has not been thoroughly reversed, there are still a considerable
number of impoverished and low-income people in both urban and rural areas, and
it has become more difficult to accommodate the interests of all sides. Efforts
to balance development have yielded remarkable results, but the foundation of
agriculture remains weak, the rural areas still lag behind in development, and
we face an arduous task to narrow the urban-rural and interregional gaps in
development and promote balanced economic and social development. Socialist
democracy has continued to develop and we have made steady progress in
implementing the rule of law as a fundamental principle, but efforts to improve
democracy and the legal system fall somewhat short of the need to expand people'
s democracy and promote economic and social development, and political
restructuring has to be deepened. Socialist culture is thriving as never before,
but the people have growing cultural needs and have become more independent,
selective, changeable and diverse in thinking, setting higher requirements for
the development of an advanced socialist culture. Our society has become
evidently more dynamic, but profound changes have taken place in the structure
of society, in the way society is organized and in the pattern of social
interests, and many new issues have emerged in social development and
management. China is opening wider to the outside world, but international
competition is becoming increasingly acute, pressure in the .form of the
economic and scientific dominance of developed countries will continue for a
long tune to come, both predictable and unpredictable risks are increasing, and
the need to balance domestic development and opening to the outside world is
greater than ever.
All this shows that through the unremitting efforts we have made since the
founding of the People's Republic in 1949, particularly since the introduction
of the reform and opening up policy, China has scored achievements in
development that have captured World attention, and experienced far-reaching
changes in the productive `forces and the relations of production, as well as
in the economic base and the superstructure. However, the basic reality that
China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long
time to come has not changed, nor has Chinese society's principal
contradiction--the one between the over-growing material and cultural needs of
the people and the low level of social production. The current features of
development in China are a concrete manifestation of that basic reality at this
new stage in the new century. Stressing recognition of the basic reality is not
meant to belittle ourselves, wallow in backwardness, or encourage unrealistic
pursuit of quick results. Rather,such recognition will serve as the basis of
our endeavor to advance reform and plan for development. We must always remain
sober-minded, base our efforts on the most significant reality that China is in
the primary stage of socialism, scientifically analyze the new opportunities
and challenges arising from China's full involvement in economic globalization,
fully understand the new situation and tasks in China's advance toward an
industrialized, information-based, urbanized, market-oriented and
internationalized country, have a good grasp of the new issues and problems we
face in development, follow more conscientiously the path of scientific
development, and strive to open up a broader vista for developing Socialism
with Chinese characteristics.
The Scientific Outlook on Development takes development as its essence, putting
people first as wits core, comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development
as its basic requirement, and overall consideration as its fundamental approach.
--We must regard development as the top priority of the Party in governing arid
rejuvenating the country. Development is of decisive significance for building
a moderately prosperous society in all respects and speeding up socialist
modernization. We must firmly commit ourselves to the central task of economic
development, concentrate on construction and developing the productive forces.
We must better implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through
science and education, the strategy of strengthening the nation with trained
personnel and the strategy of sustainable development. We must grasp the law of
development, make innovations in our thinking, transform the mode of
development, crack hard issues and. raise quality and efficiency to achieve:
sound and rapid development, so that we can lay a solid foundation for
developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must strive for
scientific development by putting people first and making it comprehensive,
balanced and sustainable; we must strive for harmonious development by
integrating all undertakings and promoting unity and amity among all members of
society; and we must strive for peaceful development in the course of which
China develops itself by safeguarding world peace and contributes to world
peace by developing itself.
---We must always put people first. Serving the people wholeheartedly is the
fundamental purpose of the Party, and its every endeavor is for the well-being
of the people. We must always make sure that the aim and outcome of all the
work of the Party and the state is to realize, safeguard and expand the
fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. We must
respect the principal position of the people in the country's political life,
give play to their creativity, protect their rights and interests, take the
path of prosperity for all and promote their all-round development, to ensure
that development is for the people, by the people and with the people sharing
in its fruits.
--We must pursue comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development. In
accordance with the overall arrangements for the cause of socialism with
Chinese characteristics, we will promote all-round economic, political,
cultural and social development, coordinate all links and aspects of our
modernization drive, and balance the relations of production with the
productive forces and the superstructure with the economic base. We must adopt
an enlightened approach to development that results in expanded production, a
better life and sound ecological and environmental conditions, and build a
resource-conserving and environment-friendly society that coordinates growth
rate with the economic structure, quality and efficiency, and harmonizes
economic growth with the population, resources and the environment, so that our
people will live and work under sound ecological and environmental conditions
and our economy and society will develop in a sustainable way.
--We must persist in overall consideration. We need to correctly understand and
handle the major relationships in the cause of socialism with Chinese
characteristics and balance urban and rural development, development among
regions, economic and social development, relations between man and nature, and
domestic development and opening to the outside world. We must take into
overall consideration the relationships between the central and local
authorities, between personal and collective interests, between interests of
the part and those of the whole, and between immediate and long-term interests,
so as to fully arouse the initiative of all sides. We must take both the
domestic and international situations into consideration, develop a global and
strategic perspective, be good at seizing opportunities for development and
coping with risks and challenges in a changing world, and work far a favorable
international environment. While planning our work from an overall perspective,
we need to work hard to make breakthroughs on the key issues that affect the
overall situation and on the major problems that affect public interests.
To thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must always
adhere to the Party's basic line of taking economic development as the central
task and upholding the Four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up
policy, known as "one central task and two basic points." As the lifeblood of
the Party and the country, this basic line provides the political guarantee for
scientific development. Taking economic development as the central task is
vital to invigorating our nation and is the fundamental requirement for the
robust growth and lasting stability of the Party and the nation. The Four
Cardinal Principles are the very foundation for building our country and the
political cornerstone for the survival and development of the Party and the
nation. Reform and opening up are the path to a stronger China and the source
of vitality for the Party and the nation in development and progress. We will
continue to apply the line of "one central task and two basic points" in its
entirety in our great endeavor to develop socialism with Chinese
characteristics; we will never deviate from this line.
To thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must work
energetically to build a harmonious socialist society. Social harmony is an
essential attribute of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Scientific
development and social harmony are integral to each other and neither is
possible without the other. Building a harmonious socialist society is a
historical mission throughout the cause of socialism with Chinese
characteristics, as well as a historical process and the social outcome of
correctly handling various social problems on the basis of development. It is
through development that we will increase the material wealth of society and
constantly improve people's lives, and it is again through development that we
will guarantee social equity and justice and constantly promote social harmony.
To realize social equity and justice is the Chinese Communists' consistent
position and a major task of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.
In accordance with the general requirements for democracy and the rule of law,
equity and justice, honesty and fraternity, vigor and vitality, stability and
order, and harmony between man and nature and the principle of all the people
building and sharing a harmonious socialist society, we will spare no effort to
solve the mast specific problems of the utmost and immediate concern to the
people and strive to create a situation in which alI people do their best, find
their proper places in society and live together in harmony, so as to provide a
favorable social environment for development.
To thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must continue to
deepen reform and opening up. We need to incorporate the spirit of reform and
innovation into all links of governance; unswervingly adhere to the orientation
of reform, and have more scientific decision-making and better coordinated
measures for reform. We will improve the socialist market economy, promote
institutional reform and innovation in various sectors, accelerate reform in
important fields and crucial links, improve opening up in all respects and make
our systems and mechanisms full of vigor, highly efficient, more open and
conducive to scientific development, so as to provide a powerful driving force
and an institutional guarantee for developing socialism with Chinese
characteristics. We will always take improving people's lives as a pivotal task
in balancing reform, development and stability and ensure that our reform
always has the endorsement and support of the people.
To thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must strengthen
our efforts to build the Party in earnest. As is required by the Party's lofty
mission of governing and rejuvenating the nation, our efforts to improve the
Party's governance capability and maintain and develop its vanguard nature must
serve our task of directing scientific development, promoting social harmony,
guiding development and progress in China arid better representing and
realizing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.
In this way, the Party's work and our efforts to build the Party will better
meet the requirement of the Scientific Outlook on Development and provide a
reliable political and organizational guarantee for scientific development.
All Party members must fully understand the content and grasp the essence of
the Scientific Outlook on Development, be more conscious and determined in
applying it, change notions that are not in line with it, work hard to solve
major problems that affect or constrain scientific development, direct the
whole society's enthusiasm for development to scientific development, and apply
this outlook to every aspect of economic and social development.
IV. New Requirements for Attaining the Goal of Building a Moderately Prosperous
Society in All Respects
We have made steady progress toward the goal of building a moderately
prosperous society in all respects set at the Sixteenth Congress, and we will
continue to work hard to ensure its attainment by 2020.
In keeping with changes in domestic and international situations and in light
of the expectations of the people of all ethnic groups for a better life, we
must follow the trend and laws of economic and social development, uphold the
basic program consisting of the basic objectives and policies For economic,
political, cultural and social development under socialism with Chinese
characteristics, and set new and higher requirements for China's development on
the basis of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all
respects set at the Sixteenth Congress.
--Promote balanced development to ensure sound and rapid economic growth. The
development pattern will be significantly transformed. We will quadruple the
per capita GDP of the year 2000 by 2020 through optimizing the economic
structure and improving economic returns while reducing consumption of
resources and protecting the environment. The socialist market economy will be
improved. We will greatly enhance our capacity for independent innovation,
enabling scientific and technological advancement to contribute much more to
economic growth and making China an innovative country. The ratio of
consumption to GDP will increase steadily, and consumption, investment and
export will be coordinated to boost economic growth. A mechanism for urban and
rural areas and for different regions to have balanced and interactive
development and a layout of development priority zones will be basically in
place. Efforts to build a new socialist countryside will make significant
headway. The proportion of urban residents will notably increase.
--Expand socialist democracy and better safeguard the people's rights and
interests as well as social equity and justice. Citizens' participation in.
political affairs will expand in an orderly way. The rule of law will be
carried out more thoroughly as a fundamental principle, public awareness of law
will be further enhanced, and fresh progress will be made in government
administration based on the rule of law. Primary-level democracy will be
improved. The government will markedly enhance its capability of providing
basic public services.
--Promote cultural development and notably enhance the cultural and ethical
quality of the whole nation. Socialist core values will prevail among the
people, and fine ideological and ethical trends will be encouraged. A basic
system of public cultural services will cover the whole society, the cultural
industry will account for much more of the national economy and become more
competitive internationally, and a more abundant supply of cultural products
will be available to meet the people's needs.
--Accelerate the development of social programs and improve every aspect of the
people's well-being. The modern system of national education will be further
improved, a basic system for lifelong education will be in place, the
educational attainment of the whole nation will rise to a much higher level,
and the training of innovative personnel will be improved markedly. Employment
will be further expanded. A basic system of social security will cover both
urban and rural residents so that everyone is assured of basic living
standards. A reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution will be
basically in place, with middle-income people making up the majority and
absolute poverty basically eliminated. Everyone will have access to basic
medical and health services. The system of social management will be further
improved.
--Promote a conservation culture by basically forming an energy- and
resource-efficient and environment-friendly structure of industries, pattern of
growth and mode of consumption. We will have a large-scale circular economy and
considerably increase the proportion of renewable energy sources in total
energy consumption. The discharge of major pollutants will be brought under
effective control and the ecological and environmental quality will improve
notably. Awareness of conservation will be firmly established in the whole of
society.
When the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is
attained by 2020, China, a large developing socialist country with an ancient
civilization, will have basically accomplished industrialization, with its
overall strength significantly increased and its domestic market ranking as one
of the largest in the world. It will be a country whose people are better off
and enjoy markedly improved quality of life and a good environment. Its
citizens will have more extensive democratic rights, show higher ethical
standards and look forward to greater cultural achievements. China will have
better institutions in all areas and Chinese society will have greater vitality
coupled with stability and unity. The country will be still more open and
friendly to the outside world and make greater contributions to human
civilization.
The following five years will be a crucial period for building a moderately
prosperous society in all respects. We must enhance our confidence and work
hard to lay a more solid foundation for success in building a moderately
prosperous society of a higher level in all respects to the benefit of over one
billion people.
V. Promoting Sound and Rapid Development of the National Economy
To attain the objectives for economic development, it is essential to
significantly accelerate the transformation of the development pattern and
improve the socialist market economy. We need to vigorously push forward
strategic economic restructuring and make greater efforts to improve China's
capacity for independent innovation as well as energy and environmental
conservation, and to enhance the overall quality of the economy and its
international competitiveness. We need to deepen our understanding of the laws
governing the socialist market economy, introduce institutions to give better
play to the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, and form a
system of macroeconomic regulation conducive to scientific development.
1. Enhance China's capacity for independent innovation and make China an
innovative country. This is the core of our national development strategy and a
crucial link in enhancing the overall national strength. We need to keep to the
path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics and improve our
capacity for independent innovation in all areas of modernization. We need to
conscientiously implement the Outline of the National Program for Long- and
Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-20), increase
spending on independent innovation, and make breakthroughs in key technologies
vital to our economic and social development. We will speed up forming a
national innovation system and support basic research, research in frontier
technology and technological research for public welfare. We will step up our
efforts to establish a market-oriented system for technological innovation, in
which enterprises play the leading role and which combines the efforts of
enterprises, universities and research institutes, and guide and support the
concentration of factors of innovation in enterprises, thereby promoting the
translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive
forces. We will deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology,
optimize the allocation of relevant resources, and improve the legal guarantee,
policy system incentive mechanism and market conditions to encourage
technological innovation and the application of scientific and technological
achievements in production. We will implement the strategy for intellectual
property rights. We will make the best use of international resources of
science and technology. We will continue to create conditions conducive to
innovation, train world-class scientists and leaders in scientific and
technological research, inspire creative wisdom and bring forth large numbers
of innovative personnel.
2. Accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development and promote
upgrading of the industrial structure. This is a pressing strategic task vital
to the national economy as a whole. We must keep to the new path of
industrialization with Chinese characteristics, pursue the policy of boosting
domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, and propel three transitions in
the mode of economic growth: the transition from relying mainly on investment
and export to relying on a well coordinated combination of consumption,
investment and export, the transition from secondary industry serving as the
major driving farce to primary, secondary and tertiary industries jointly
driving economic growth, and the transition from relying heavily on increased
consumption of material resources to relying mainly on advances in science and
technology, improvement in the quality of the workforce and innovation in
management. We will develop a modern industrial system, integrate IT
application with industrialization, push our large industries to grove stronger,
invigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, and eliminate outdated
production capacities. We will upgrade new- and high-technology industries and
develop information, biotechnology, new materials, aerospace, marine and other
industries. We will develop the modern service industry and raise the level of
the service sector and its share in the economy. We will step up efforts to
improve basic industries and infrastructure and accelerate development of a
modern energy industry and a comprehensive transport system. We will ensure the
quality and safety of products. We will encourage formation of internationally
competitive conglomerates.
3. Balance urban and rural development and build a new socialist countryside.
As resolution of issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers has an
overall impact on building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we
must always make it a top priority in the work of the whole Party. We will
strengthen the position of agriculture as the foundation of the national
economy, take a path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics,
set up a permanent mechanism of industry promoting agriculture and urban areas
helping rural areas, and form a new pattern that integrates economic and social
development in urban and rural areas. We will continue to take developing
modern agriculture and invigorating the rural economy as a primary task,
strengthen infrastructure in rural areas, and improve the system of rural
markets and that of services for agriculture. We will increase policy measures
to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers, strictly protect
arable land, increase spending on agriculture, promote advances in
agriculture-related science and technology, and improve overall agricultural
production capacity to ensure food security for the nation. We will intensify
efforts to prevent and control animal and plant epidemic diseases and improve
the quality and safety of agricultural products. To increase farmers' income,
we will develop rural enterprises, expand county economies, and transfer rural
labor out of farming through various channels. We will enhance poverty
reduction through development. We will deepen the comprehensive rural reform,
promote reform and innovation in the rural banking system, and reform the
system of collective forest rights. We will uphold the basic system for rural
operations, stabilize and improve land contract relations, improve the market
for transferring land contract and management rights in accordance with the law
and on a voluntary and compensatory basis, and develop various forms of
appropriate large-scale operations where conditions permit. We will explore
effective forms of collective economic operations, develop specialized farmers'
cooperatives, and support the industrialized operation of agriculture and the
development of leading agribusinesses. We will train a new type of farmers who
are educated and understand both agricultural techniques and business
management, and encourage hundreds of millions of farmers to play the major
role in building a new countryside.
4. Improve energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation and
enhance China's capacity for sustainable development. Adhering to the basic
state policy of conserving resources and the environment is vital to the
immediate interests of the people and the survival and development of the
Chinese nation. We must give prominence to building a resource-conserving,
environment-friendly society in our strategy for industrialization and
modernization and get every organization and family to act accordingly. We will
improve laws and policies to promote energy, resources, ecological and
environmental conservation, and speed up the formation of systems and
mechanisms for sustainable development. We will implement the responsibility
system for conserving energy and reducing emissions. We will develop and extend
advanced and appropriate technologies for conserving, substituting and
recycling energy and resources, develop clean and renewable energy sources,
protect land and water resources and set up a scientific, rational system for
using energy and resources more efficiently. We will develop environmental
conservation industries. We will increase spending on energy and environmental
conservation with the focus on intensifying prevention and control of water,
air and soil pollution and improving the living environment for both urban and
rural residents. We will improve water conservancy, forestry and grasslands and
promote restoration of the ecosystems. We will enhance our capacity to respond
to climate change and make new contributions to protecting the global climate.
5. Promote balanced development among regions and improve the pattern of land
development. To narrow the gap in development among regions, we must work to
ensure their equal access to basic public services and guide a rational flow of
factors of production between regions. Following the general strategy for
regional development, we will continue to carry out large-scale development of
the western region, rejuvenate northeast China and other old industrial bases
in an all-round way, boost the development of the central region and support
the eastern region in taking the lead in development. We will strengthen land
planning, improve policies for regional development and adjust the geographical
distribution of economic operations in accordance with the requirement to form
development priority zones. In compliance with the laws governing the market
economy, we will work beyond administrative divisions to form a number of
close-knit economic rims and belts that will provide a strong impetus to the
development of other areas. In locating major projects, we must give full
consideration to supporting development of the central and western regions and
encourage the eastern region to help them develop. We will give more support to
the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic autonomous areas,
border areas and poverty-stricken areas. We will help transform the economies
of areas where natural resources are exhausted. We will have the special
economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in
Tianjin play a major role in reform, opening up and independent innovation.
Taking a path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, we will promote
balanced development of large, medium-sized and small cities and towns on the
principle of balancing urban and rural development, ensuring rational
distribution, saving land, providing a full range of functions and getting
larger cities to help smaller ones. Focusing on increasing the overall carrying
capacity of cities, we will form city clusters with megacities as the core so
that they can boost development in other areas and become new poles of economic
growth.
6. Improve the basic economic system and the modern market system. We need to
uphold and improve the basic economic system in which public ownership is
dominant and different economic sectors develop side by side, unwaveringly
consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, unswervingly
encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector, ensure
equal protection of property rights, and create a new situation in which all
economic sectors compete on an equal footing and reinforce each other. We will
deepen the reform to introduce the corporate and shareholding systems in
state-owned enterprises, improve the modern corporate structure and optimize
the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy to enhance
its dynamism, dominance and influence. We will deepen the reform of industries
by introducing competition, and strengthen government regulation and public
oversight of them. We will accelerate development of a budget system for
managing state capital and improve systems and regulations for managing all
types of state assets. We will press ahead with the reform of collective-owned
enterprises and develop various forms of collective and cooperative economic
operations. We will promote equitable market access, improve the development of
individually-owned businesses and private companies as well as small and
medium-sized enterprises. We will develop the economic sector of mixed
ownership based on the modern system of property rights. We will accelerate the
formation of a modern market system that is unified and open and that allows
orderly competition, develop markets for factors of production, improve the
pricing mechanism for factors of production and resources to reflect changes in
market supply and demand, resource scarcities and environmental costs, regulate
and develop industry associations and market-based intermediaries, and improve
the social credibility system.
7. Deepen fiscal, taxation and financial restructuring and improve
macroeconomic regulation. We will improve the public finance system as we work
to ensure equal access to basic public services and establish development
priority zones. We need to deepen reform of the budget system, tighten
budgetary management, improve the system whereby both the central and local
governments have financial resources proportionate to their duties and
responsibilities, accelerate the establishment of a unified, standardized and
transparent system for transfer payments, enlarge the size and proportion of
general transfer payments, and increase input in public services. We will
improve fiscal systems at and below the provincial level to enhance the
capacity of county and township governments to provide public services. We will
adopt fiscal and taxation systems conducive to scientific development and set
up sound compensation systems for use of resources and for damage to the
ecological environment. We will proceed with financial reforms to develop
various types of financial markets and build a modern financial System that is
inclusive of different forms of ownership and different ways of operation and
that features a reasonable structure, complete functions, efficiency and
security. We will make our banking, securities and insurance industries more
competitive. We will improve the structure of the capital market and raise the
proportion of direct financing through multiple channels. We will strengthen
financial supervision and control, and forestall and defuse financial risks. We
will improve the RMB exchange rate regime and gradually make the RMB
convertible under capital accounts. We will deepen reform of the investment
system and improve and strictly enforce market access rules. We will improve
the state planning system. We will give play to the guiding role of national
development plans, programs and industrial policies in macroeconomic regulation
and combine the use of fiscal and monetary policies to improve macroeconomic
regulation.
8. Expand opening up in scope and depth and improve our open economy. Adhering
to the basic state policy of opening up, we will better integrate our "bring
in" and "go global" strategies, expand the areas of opening up, optimize its
structure, raise its quality, and turn our open economy into one in which
domestic development and opening to the outside world interact and Chinese
businesses and their foreign counterparts engage in win-win cooperation, and
one that features security and efficiency, in order to gain new advantages for
China in international economic cooperation and competition amid economic
globalization. We will deepen the opening up of coastal areas, accelerate that
of inland areas 'and upgrade that of border areas, so that opening up at home
and opening to the outside world will promote each other. We will expedite
transformation of the growth mode of foreign trade, stress quality, adjust the
mix of imports and exports, promote transformation -and upgrading of processing
trade, and energetically develop service trade. We will make innovations in the
way of using foreign capital, improve the structure of foreign investment
utilized, and let the use of foreign capital play a positive role in
facilitating independent innovation, industrial upgrading and balanced
development among regions. We will make innovations in our way of overseas
investment and cooperation, support domestic enterprises in carrying out
international operations of R&D, production and marketing, and accelerate the
growth of Chinese multinational corporations and Chinese brand names in the
world market. We will vigorously carry out mutually beneficial international
cooperation in energy and resources. We will implement a strategy of free trade
zones and expand bilateral and multilateral trade and economic cooperation. We
will adopt comprehensive measures to maintain a basic equilibrium in the
balance of payments. We must guard against international economic risks.
By ensuring sound and rapid growth of the economy, we will further enhance
China's economic strength, and enable our socialist market economy to exhibit
its great vitality.
VI. Unswervingly Developing Socialist Democracy
People's democracy is the lifeblood of socialism. The Party has been
consistently pursuing the goal of developing socialist democracy. Since China
began its reform and opening up, we have made vigorous yet steady efforts to
promote political restructuring, and socialist democracy has demonstrated
greater vitality in the country. As an important part of the overall reform,
political restructuring must be constantly deepened along with economic and
social development to adapt to the growing enthusiasm of the people for
participation in political affairs. We must keep to the path of political
development under socialism with Chinese characteristics, and integrate the
leadership of the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country,
and the rule of law. We must uphold and improve the system of people's
congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation
under the leadership of the CPC, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and
the system of self-governance at the primary level of society. All this will
promote continuous self-improvement and development of the socialist political
system.
In deepening political restructuring, we must keep to the correct political
orientation. On the basis of ensuring the people's position as masters of the
country, we will expand socialist democracy, build a socialist country under
the rule of law and develop socialist political civilization to enhance the
vitality of the Party and the state and arouse the initiative of the people. We
must uphold the Party's role as the core of leadership in directing the overall
situation and coordinating the efforts of all quarters, and improve its
capacity for scientific, democratic and law-based governance to ensure that the
Party leads the people in effectively governing the country. We must ensure
that all power of the state belongs to the people, expand the citizens' orderly
participation in political affairs at each level and in every field, and
mobilize and organize the people as extensively as possible to manage state and
social affairs as well as economic and cultural programs in accordance with the
law. We must uphold the rule of law as a fundamental principle and adopt the
socialist concept of law-based governance to ensure that all work of the state
is based on the law and that the legitimate rights and interests of citizens
are safeguarded. We must maintain the features and advantages of the socialist
political system and define institutions, standards and procedures for
socialist democracy to provide political and legal guarantees of lasting
stability for the Party and the country.
1. Expand people's democracy and ensure that they are masters of the country.
The essence and core of socialist democracy are that the people are masters of
the country. We need to improve institutions for democracy, diversify its forms
and expand its channels, and we need to carry out democratic election,
decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to
guarantee the people's rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard, and
to oversee. We must support people's congresses in performing their functions
pursuant to law and effectively turn the Party's propositions into the will of
the state through legal procedures. We must ensure that deputies to people's
congresses exercise their functions and powers in accordance with the law and
maintain close ties with the general public. We propose that both urban and
rural areas gradually adapt the same ratio of deputies to the represented
population in elections of deputies to people's congresses. We must strengthen
the institutions of standing committees of people's congresses and improve
their membership composition in terms of intellectual background and age. We
will support the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in
performing its functions centered on the two major themes of unity and
democracy and improve the system of political consultation, democratic
oversight, and participation in the deliberation and administration of state
affairs. We will incorporate political consultation in decision-making
procedures, improve democratic oversight and ensure that the CPPCC participates
in the deliberation and administration of state affairs more effectively. The
CPPCC is encouraged to improve itself and play its important role in
coordinating relations, pooling strengths, making proposals and serving the
overall interests of the country. We must ensure equality among all ethnic
groups and guarantee the right of ethnic autonomous areas to exercise autonomy
pursuant to law. To ensure scientific and democratic decision-making, we will
improve the information and intellectual support for it, increase its
transparency and expand public participation in it. In principle, public
hearings must be held for the formulation of laws, regulations and policies
that bear closely on the interests of the public. We need to step up education
about citizenship and establish socialist concepts of democracy, the rule of
law, freedom, equality, equity and justice. We support trade unions, the
Communist Youth League, women's federations and other people's organizations in
functioning in accordance with the law and their respective charters,
participating in social management and public services and helping protect the
people's legitimate rights and interests.
2. Develop primary-level democracy and ensure that the people enjoy democratic
rights in a more extensive and practical way. The most effective and extensive
way for the people to be masters of the country is that they directly exercise
their democratic rights in accordance with the law to manage public affairs and
public service programs at the primary level, practice self-management,
self-service self-education and self-oversight, and exercise democratic
oversight over cadres. Such practices must be emphasized and promoted as the
groundwork for developing socialist democracy. We need to improve the dynamic
mechanism of people's self-governance at the primary level under the leadership
of primary Party organizations, expand the scope of self-governance, and
improve the institution for democratic management, with a view to turning urban
and rural neighborhoods into communities of social life that are well managed,
supported by complete services, and filled with civility and harmony. We must
rely wholeheartedly on the working class, improve the democratic management
system in enterprises and public institutions with workers' conferences as its
basic form and increase transparency in factory affairs to support workers'
participation in management and to safeguard their legitimate rights and
interests. We need to deepen institutional reforms at the town and township
level to strengthen government authorities there and improve the systems for
transparency in government and village affairs to bring about effective
connection and beneficial interaction between government administration and
primary-level self-governance. We also encourage social organizations to help
expand the participation by the public and report on their petitions to improve
the self-governance capability of society.
3. Comprehensively implement the rule of law as a fundamental principle and
speed up the building of a socialist country under the rule of law. The rule of
law constitutes the essential requirement of socialist democracy. We must
persist in scientific and democratic legislation to improve the socialist law
system with Chinese characteristics. We will strengthen the enforcement of the
Constitution and laws, ensure that all citizens are equal before the law, and
safeguard social equity and justice and the consistency, sanctity and authority
of the socialist legal system. We need to carry out government administration
in accordance with the law. We need to deepen the reform of the judiciary
system, optimize the distribution of judicial functions and powers, standardize
judicial practices, and build a fair, efficient and authoritative socialist
judiciary system to ensure that courts and procuratorates exercise their
respective powers independently and impartially in accordance with the law. We
need to improve the overall quality of judicial, procuratorial and public
security personnel to ensure that law enforcement is strict, impartial and
civilized. We need to step up the education campaign to increase public
awareness of law, and promote the spirit of the rule of law, creating a social
environment in which people study, abide by and apply laws of their own accord.
We must respect and safeguard human rights, and ensure the equal right to
participation and development for all members of society in accordance with the
law. Party organizations at all levels and all Party members must act under the
Constitution and laws on their own initiative and take the lead in upholding
the authority of the Constitution and laws.
4. Expand the patriotic united front and unite with all forces that can be
united. Promoting harmony in relations between political parties, between
ethnic groups, between religions, between social strata, and between our
compatriots at home and overseas plays an irreplaceable role in enhancing unity
and pooling strengths. Acting on the principle of long-term coexistence, mutual
oversight, sincere treatment of each other and the sharing of weal and woe, we
will strengthen our cooperation with the democratic parties, support them and
personages without party affiliation in better performing their functions of
participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs and
democratic oversight, and select and recommend a greater number of outstanding
non-CPC persons for leading positions. Keeping in mind the objective of all
ethnic groups working together for common prosperity and development, we must
guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minorities, and
strengthen and develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, solidarity,
mutual assistance and harmony. We will fully implement the Party's basic
principle for its work related to religious affairs and bring into play the
positive role of religious personages and believers in promoting economic and
social development. We encourage members of emerging social strata to take an
active part in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. We support
overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese and their relatives in
caring about and participating in the modernization drive and the great cause
of peaceful reunification of the motherland.
5. Accelerate the reform of the administrative system and build a
service-oriented government. The administrative reform is an important part of
the efforts to deepen China's overall reform. We must lose no time in working
out a master plan for it, with the focus on changing functions, straightening
out relations, optimizing the setup and raising efficiency, and bring about a
system which matches powers with responsibilities, divides work in a rational
way, fosters scientific decision-making, and ensures smooth enforcement and
effective oversight. We need to improve the government responsibility system
and the public service system, promote e-government and strengthen social
management and public services. We will accelerate the separation of the
functions of the government from those of enterprises, state assets management
authorities, public institutions and market-based intermediaries, standardize
administrative practices, strengthen administrative law-enforcement agencies,
reduce the number of matters requiring administrative examination and approval
and standardize such procedures, and reduce government intervention in
microeconomic operations. We will standardize the relationship between local
departments directly under central government organs and local governments. We
will step up our efforts to streamline government organs, explore ways to
establish greater departments with integrated functions, and improve the
mechanism of coordination and collaboration between government departments. We
will downsize and standardize various organs for deliberation and coordination
and their working offices, cut down levels of administration, minimize its
costs, and address the problems of overlapping organizations and functions and
conflicting policies from different departments. We will give overall
consideration to the setup of Party committees and governments as well as that
of people's congresses and CPPCC committees, reduce the number of their leading
positions and strictly control their staffing. We will step up the
restructuring of different categories of public institutions.
6. Improve the mechanism of restraint and oversight and ensure that power
entrusted by the people is always exercised in their interests. Power must be
exercised in the sunshine to ensure that it is exercised correctly. We must
have institutions to govern power, work and personnel, and establish a sound
structure of power and a mechanism for its operation in which decision-making,
enforcement and oversight powers check each other and function in coordination.
We will improve organic laws and rules of procedure to ensure that state organs
exercise their powers and perform their functions and responsibilities within
their statutory jurisdiction and in accordance with legal procedures. We will
improve the open administrative system in various areas and increase
transparency in government work, thus enhancing the people's trust in the
government. We will focus on tightening oversight over leading cadres and
especially principal ones, over the management and use of human, financial and
material resources, and over key positions. We will improve the systems of
inquiries, accountability, economic responsibility auditing, resignation and
recall. We will implement the intra-Party oversight regulations, strengthen
democratic oversight and give scope to the oversight role of public opinion,
pooling forces of oversight from all sides to make it more effective.
Democracy will keep developing along with the progress of socialism. In the
historical course of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, Chinese
Communists and the Chinese people will surely advance socialist democracy that
is full of vitality.
VII. Promoting Vigorous Development and Prosperity of Socialist Culture
In the present era, culture has become a more and more important source of
national cohesion and creativity and a factor of growing significance in the
competition in overall national strength, and the Chinese people have an
increasingly ardent desire for a richer cultural life. We must keep to the
orientation of advanced socialist culture, bring about a new upsurge in
socialist cultural development, stimulate the cultural creativity of the whole
nation, and enhance culture as part of the soft power of our country to better
guarantee the people's basic cultural rights and interests, enrich the cultural
life in Chinese society and inspire the enthusiasm of the people for progress.
1. Build up the system of socialist core values and make socialist ideology
more attractive and cohesive. The system of socialist core values represents
the essence of socialist ideology. We must consolidate the guiding position of
Marxism, persistently arm the whole Party with and educate the people in the
latest achievements in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, rally the people
with our common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, inspire the
people with patriotism-centered national spirit and with the spirit of the
times centering on reform and innovation, guide social ethos with the socialist
maxims of honor and disgrace, and solidify the common ideological basis of the
joint endeavor of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups. We will
make every effort to carry out theoretical innovation and give Marxism of
contemporary China distinct characters of practice, of the Chinese nation and
of the times. We will publicize the theories of socialism with Chinese
characteristics, and take Marxism of contemporary China to the general public.
We will carry on the Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory to provide
in-depth answers to major theoretical and practical questions and to bring up a
group of Marxist theoreticians, especially young and middle-aged ones. We will
incorporate the socialist core values into all stages of national education and
the entire process of cultural and ethical progress to make them the targets
pursued by the people of their own accord. We will explore effective ways of
letting the system of socialist core values guide trends of thought and take
the initiative in ideological work, respecting divergence and allowing
diversity while effectively resisting the influence of erroneous and decadent
ideas. We will develop philosophy and social sciences, promoting innovation in
academic disciplines, academic viewpoints and research methods. We encourage
people working in these fields to serve as a think tank for the cause of the
Party and the people, and we will introduce related outstanding achievements
and distinguished scholars to the world arena.
2. Foster a culture of harmony and cultivate civilized practices. A culture of
harmony provides important intellectual support for the unity and progress of
all our people. We must step up the development of the press, publishing, radio,
film, television, literature and art, give correct guidance to the public and
foster healthy social trends. We must balance cultural development between
urban and rural areas and among different regions, focusing on enriching the
cultural life in rural and remote areas and of rural migrant workers in cities.
We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture and foster a
good cyber environment. We will promote patriotism, collectivism and socialist
ideology. With the emphasis on enhancing people's awareness of integrity, we
will promote social ethics, professional codes of conduct, family virtues and
individual morality, let paragons of virtue serve as role models for society,
and guide people in conscientiously carrying out legal obligations and social
and family responsibilities. We will strengthen and improve our ideological and
political work, paying attention to compassionate care and psychological
counseling and correctly handling interpersonal relations. We will mobilize all
sectors of society in doing a good job of ideological and moral education among
young people and create a favorable environment for their healthy development.
We will carry out intensive activities to promote cultural and ethical progress
among the public, improve the system of voluntary public services, and
encourage practices such as upholding gender equality, respecting the elderly,
caring for the young, showing concern for and helping each other and corning to
the rescue of others even at risk to oneself. We will promote the scientific
spirit and spread scientific knowledge. We will launch extensive public
fitness programs and ensure the success of the 2008 Olympic Games and the
Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Exposition in Shanghai.
3. Promote Chinese culture and build the common spiritual home for the Chinese
nation. Chinese culture has been an unfailing driving force for the Chinese
nation to keep its unity and make progress from generation to generation. We
must have a comprehensive understanding of traditional Chinese culture, keep
its essence and discard its dross to enable it to fit in with present-day
society, stay in harmony with modern civilization, keep its national character
and reflect changes of the times. We will further publicize the fine
traditions of Chinese culture and use modern means of science and technology to
exploit the rich resources of our national culture. We will explore and better
protect the cultures of all ethnic groups, attach great importance to the
protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage and do a good
job collating ancient books and records. We will also strengthen international
cultural exchanges to draw on the fine achievements of foreign cultures and
enhance the influence of Chinese culture worldwide.
4. Stimulate cultural innovation and enhance the vitality of cultural
development. The only way to invigorate culture is to promote innovation in
its content and form, its structure and mechanism, and its means of
dissemination from the high staring point of our times and release and develop
its productive forces. We must keep to the orientation of serving the people
and socialism, uphold the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a
hundred schools of thought contend, and maintain close contact with reality,
life and the public. We must always give top priority to social benefits and
try to ensure both good economic returns and social benefits. We must create
more excellent, popular works that reflect the people's principal position in
the country and their real life. We must deepen cultural restructuring and
improve the policies for supposing nonprofit cultural programs, developing the
cultural industry and encouraging cultural innovation, so as to create
favorable conditions for producing fine works, outstanding personnel and good
results. We must continue to develop nonprofit cultural programs as the main
approach to ensuring the basic cultural tights and interests of the people,
increase spending on such programs, and build more cultural facilities in
urban-communities and rural areas. We must vigorously develop the cultural
industry, launch major projects to lead the industry as a whole, speed up
development of cultural industry bases and clusters of cultural industries with
regional features, nurture key enterprises and strategic investors, create a
thriving cultural market and enhance the industry's international
competitiveness. We will use new and high technology to create new ways of
producing cultural works, foster new forms of operation in the cultural
industry and accelerate the establishment of a dissemination system featuring
fast communication and wide coverage. We will establish a national system of
honors for outstanding cultural workers.
The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will definitely be accompanied by
the thriving of Chinese culture. We will give full scope to the principal
position of the people in cultural development, arouse the enthusiasm of
cultural workers, promote vigorous development and prosperity of culture more
conscientiously and actively, and create cultural works in the great practice
of socialism with Chinese characteristics, so that the people will share in the
benefits of cultural development.
VIII: Accelerating Social Development with the Focus on Improving People's
Livelihood
Social development is closely related to the people's well-being. More
importance must therefore be attached to social development on the basis of
economic growth to ensure and improve people's livelihood, carry out social
restructuring, expand public services, improve social management and promote
social equity and justice. We must do our best to ensure that all our people
enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and
housing, so as to build a harmonious society.
1. Give priority to education and turn China into a country rich in human
resources. Education is the cornerstone of national rejuvenation, and equal
access to education provides an important underpinning for social equity. We
must implement the Party's educational policy to the letter, focus on educating
students with top priority given to cultivating their moral integrity, improve
their overall quality, modernize the educational system, and train socialist
builders and successors who have all-round attainments in moral, intellectual,
physical and aesthetic education. All this is designed to run education to the
satisfaction of the people. We will optimize the educational structure, promote
balanced development of compulsory educator, move faster toward universal
access to senior secondary education, vigorously develop vocational education,
and improve the quality of higher education. We will also attach importance to
pre-school education. We will update our views on education and deepen reform
in curricula, modes of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment,
and the system for evaluating educational quality. We will ease the study load
of primary and secondary school students and improve their overall quality. We
will continue to run education on a nonprofit basis, increase government
spending on education, regulate the collection of education-related fees,
support the development of education in poverty-stricken and ethnic autonomous
areas, improve the system of financial aid to students, and ensure that
children from poor families and of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy equal
access to compulsory education as other children. We will build up the ranks of
teachers, with the emphasis an improving the quality of teachers in rural
areas. Nongovernmental sectors are encouraged to operate educational programs.
Distance learning and continuing education will be promoted to make ours a
satiety in which every citizen is committed to learning and pursues lifelong
learning.
2. Implement a development strategy that promotes job creation and encourage
entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities. Employment is vital
to people's livelihood. We will continue to follow a proactive employment
policy, strengthen government guidance, improve the market mechanism for
employment, create more jobs and improve the employment structure. We will
improve policies to encourage people to start businesses or find jobs on their
own and promote a healthy attitude toward employment so that more people in the
labor force will launch their own businesses. We will improve vocational
education and training for the labor force and intensify pre-employment
training for surplus labor transferred from rural areas. We will establish a
unified, standardized labor market and a mechanism that ensures equal
employment opportunities for both urban and rural residents. We will improve
employment assistance to the needy and make it a priority to help
zero-employment families to have job opportunities. We will do our best to help
college graduates find jobs. We will regulate and coordinate labor relations,
improve and implement government policies concerning rural migrant workers in
cities, and protect the rights and interests of every worker in accordance with
the law.
3. Deepen reform of the income distribution system and increase the income of
urban and rural residents. Equitable income distribution is an important
indication of social equity. We will adhere to and improve the system whereby
distribution according to work remains the predominant mode and coexists with
various other modes. We will improve the distribution system to allow factors
of production such as labor, capital, technology and managerial expertise to
have a rightful share according to their respective contribution. A proper
balance will be struck between efficiency and equity in both primary
distribution and redistribution, with particular emphasis on equity in
redistribution. We will gradually increase the share of personal income in the
distribution of national income, and raise that of work remuneration in primary
distribution. Vigorous efforts will be made to raise the income of low-income
groups, gradually increase poverty-alleviation aid and the minimum wage, and
set up a mechanism of regular pay increases for enterprise employees and a
mechanism for guaranteeing payment of their salaries. Conditions will be
created to enable more citizens to have property income. We will protect lawful
incomes, regulate excessively high incomes and ban illegal gains. We will
increase transfer payments, intensify the regulation of incomes through
taxation, break business monopolies, create equal opportunities, and overhaul
income distribution practices with a view to gradually reversing the growing
income disparity.
4. Accelerate the establishment of a social security system covering both urban
and rural residents and guarantee their basic living conditions. Social
security is an important guarantee of social stability. We will step up the
building of a sound social security system that is based on social insurance,
assistance and welfare, with basic old-age pension, basic medical care and
subsistence allowances as its backbone, and supplemented by charity and
commercial insurance. We will promote reform of basic old-age insurance systems
in enterprises, Party and government organs and public institutions and explore
ways to set up an old-age insurance system in rural areas. We will promote the
development of basic medical insurance systems for urban workers and residents
and a new type of cooperative medical care system in rural areas. We will
improve the system of subsistence allowances for both urban and rural residents
and gradually increase such allowances. We will improve the systems of
unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurances. We will upgrade
management of social security funds to higher-level authorities and work out
unified methods for transferring social security accounts nationwide. We will
provide more social security funds through various means and strengthen their
oversight and management to maintain and increase their value. We will improve
social assistance. We will do a good job providing special assistance to
families of martyrs and servicemen and helping demobilized military personnel
return to civilian life. We will promote programs for the disabled in a
humanitarian spirit. We will develop more programs for the elderly. We will
intensify our efforts in disaster prevention and reduction. We will improve the
low-rent housing system and speed up resolution of the housing difficulties of
low-income families in urban areas.
5. Establish a basic medical and health care system and improve the heath of
the whale nation. Health provides the foundation for people's all-round
development and has a direct bearing on the happiness of each family. We must
maintain the public welfare nature of public medical and health care services,
always put disease prevention first, center on rural areas and attach equal
importance to traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. We will
separate government administration from medical institutions, management from
operation, medical care from pharmaceuticals, and for-profit from nonprofit
operations. We will increase government responsibilities and spending, improve
the national health policy and encourage greater participation of
nongovernmental sectors so as to develop systems of public health services,
medical services, medical security and medicine supply to provide both urban
and rural residents with safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and
health services. We will enhance our capacity to prevent and control the
outbreak of major diseases and respond to public health emergencies. We will
improve the three-tier rural health care network spanning the county, township
and village and the urban community-based health care system, and deepen reform
of public hospitals. We will set up a national system for basic pharmaceuticals
to ensure their supply: We will work harder to improve the professional ethics
and style of work of health workers and the quality of medical services. We
must ensure food and drug safety. We will adhere to the basic state policy of
family planning, keep the birthrate low and make the newborns healthier. We
will launch patriotic sanitation campaigns and develop health care programs for
women and children.
6. Improve social management and safeguard social stability and unity. Social
stability is the common aspiration of the people and an important prerequisite
for reform and development. We need to improve the structure of social
management comprising Party committee leadership, government responsibility,
nongovernmental support and public participation, and improve the system of
social management at the primary level. We will stimulate the creativity of
society to the greatest extent, maximize factors conducive to harmony and
minimize those detrimental to it. We will properly handle contradictions among
the people, improve the system for handling complaints in the form of letters
and visits from the public, and strengthen the mechanism for safeguarding the
rights and interests of the people in which the Party and the government play
the leading role. We will attach importance to the development and management
of social organizations. We will improve services for and management of the
floating population. We must ensure safe development by strengthening
management and oversight of work safety and taking effective measures to
prevent serious or exceptionally serious accidents. We will improve the
mechanism of emergency management. We will improve the crime prevention and
control system, maintain law and order through comprehensive measures, launch
intensive campaigns to ensure public security, reform and step up community
policing in both urban and rural areas, and prevent and crack down on crime in
accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property. We will improve
the strategy and mechanism for national security, and keep high vigilance
against
and resolutely forestall separatist, infiltrative and subversive activities in
various forms to safeguard national security.
It requires joint efforts of the whale society to build a harmonious society.
We must therefore rely firmly on the people and mobilize all positive factors
to create a lively situation in which everyone is duty-bound to work for and
benefits from social harmony.
IX. Opening Up New Prospects for Modernization of National Defense and the
Armed Forces
To strengthen national defense and the armed forces occupies an important place
in the overall arrangements for the cause of socialism with Chinese
characteristics. Bearing in mind the overall strategic interests of national
security and development, we must take both economic development and national
defense into consideration and make our country prosperous and our armed forces
powerful while building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
For the armed forces to fully carry out the historical missions assigned by the
Party and the people at this new stage in the new century, we must always
follow the guidance of Mao Zedong's military thinking, Deng Xiaoping's thinking
on building the armed forces the new period and Jiang Zemin's thinking on
building national defense and the armed forces，and take the scientific Outlook
on Development as an important guiding principle for strengthening national
defense and the armed forces. We must implement the military strategy for the
new period, accelerate the revolution in military affairs with Chinese
characteristics, ensure military preparedness, and enhance the military's
capability to respond to various security threats and accomplish diverse
military tasks. We are determined to safeguard China's sovereignty, security
and territorial integrity and help maintain world peace.
To make the armed forces more revolutionary, modernized and standardized is an
integrated endeavor, and balanced progress must be made in all the three
aspects. We must always adhere to the fundamental principle of the Party
exercising absolute leadership over the armed forces and the fundamental
purpose of the armed forces serving the people. We will educate the military in
its historical missions, ideals, beliefs, combat-ready spirit and the socialist
maxims of honor and disgrace, and ensure that it carries forward its fine
traditions of following the Party's orders, serving the people and fighting
valiantly and skillfully. We must build strong armed forces through science and
technology. To attain the strategic objective of building computerized armed
forces and winning IT-based warfare, we will accelerate composite development
of mechanization and computerization, carry out military training under
IT-based conditions, intensify our efforts to train a new type of high-caliber
military personnel in large numbers and change the mode of generating combat
capabilities. We must run the armed forces in accordance with the law, enforce
strict discipline, improve relevant laws and regulations arid strengthen
scientific management.
In keeping with the new trends in world military affairs and the new
requirements of China's development, we must promote innovation in military
theory, technology, organization and management. We will adjust and reform the
structure, staffing, policies and institutions of the armed forces to gradually
develop a complete set of scientific modes of organization, institutions and
ways of operation with Chinese characteristics and in conformity with the laws
governing the development of modern armed forces. We will adjust and reform the
systems of defense-related science, technology and industry and of weapons and
equipment procurement, and enhance our capacity for independent innovation in
R&D of weapons and equipment with better quality and cost-effectiveness. We
will establish sound systems of weapons and equipment research and
manufacturing, military personnel training and logistics that integrate
military with civilian purposes and combine military efforts with civilian
support, build the armed forces through diligence and thrift, and blare a path
of development with Chinese characteristics featuring military and civilian
integration. We will enrich and develop military sciences by carefully studying
the features and laws of building and running the armed forces and the
strategies and tactics for people's war under the new historical conditions.
We will raise the people's awareness of national defense, improve national
defense mobilization and enhance the quality of the reserves and the militia.
We will strengthen the People's Armed Police so that it can better fulfill its
duties of safeguarding national security and social stability and ensuring that
the people live and work in peace. We must ensure that the government and the
people support the military and give preferential treatment to the families of
servicemen and martyrs, and that the military supports the government and
cherishes the people, in order to consolidate the solidarity between the
military and the government and between the military and the people. Party
organizations and governments at all levels and the general public will, as
always, support efforts to strengthen national defense and the armed forces,
and the military will continue to contribute to economic and social development.
X. Carrying Forward the Practice of "One Country, Two Systems" and Advancing
the Great Cause of Peaceful National Reunification
Since the return of Hong Kong and Macao to the motherland, more and more
experience has been gained in putting into practice the principle of "one
country, two systems." The principle is perfectly correct and full of vigor.
To realize China's peaceful reunification on this principle accords with the
fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.
A major task the Party faces in running the country in the new circumstances is
to ensure long-term prosperity and stability, in Hong Kong and Macao. We will
unswervingly implement the principle of "one country, two systems," under which
Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a
high degree of autonomy, and act in strict accordance with the basic laws of
the two special administrative regions. We will render full support to the
governments of the two regions in their administration in accordance with the
law and in their efforts to promote economic growth, improve people's lives and
advance democracy. We encourage people from all walks of life in Hong Kong and
Macao to work with one accord to promote social amity under the banner of love
for the motherland and devotion to their respective regions. We will increase
exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and the two regions so that they
can draw on each other's strengths and develop side by side. We will actively
support the two regions in their external exchanges and firmly oppose attempts
by any external force to interfere in their affairs. Our compatriots in Hong
Kong and Macao, without doubt, have the wisdom and ability to successfully
administer and develop their regions. Both regions have played and will
continue to play an important role in China's modernization drive, and the
great motherland will always provide them with strong backing for their
prosperity and stability.
To resolve the Taiwan question and achieve complete national reunification is a
common aspiration of all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation. We will
uphold the principle of "peaceful reunification and one country, two systems"
and the eight-point proposal for developing the relations between the two sides
of the Taiwan Straits and advancing the process of peaceful national
reunification in the present stage. We will never waver in our commitment to
the one-China principle, never abandon our efforts to achieve peaceful
reunification never change the policy of placing our hopes on the people in
Taiwan and never compromise in our opposition to the secessionist activities
aimed at "Taiwan independence." With a firm grasp of the theme of peaceful
development of cross-Straits relations, we will sincerely work for the
well-being of our compatriots on both sides of the Straits and for peace in the
Taiwan Straits region, and safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial
integrity and the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.
Upholding the one-China principle constitutes the political basis for peaceful
development of cross-Straits relations. Although the mainland and Taiwan are
yet to be reunified, the fact that they belong to one and the same China has
never changed. China is the common homeland for the compatriots on both sides
of the Straits, who have every reason to join hands to safeguard aid develop
this homeland. We are ready to conduct exchanges, dialogue, consultations and
negotiations with any political party in Taiwan on any issue as long as it
recognizes that both sides of the Straits belong to one and the same China.
Here we would like to make a solemn appeal, On the basis of the one-China
principle, let us discuss a formal end to the state of hostility between the
two sides, reach a peace agreement, construct a framework for peaceful
development of cross-Straits relations, and thus usher in a new phase of
peaceful development.
The 1.3 billion people on the mainland and the 23 million people in Taiwan are
of the same blood and share a common destiny. We will make every effort to
achieve anything that serves the interests of our Taiwan compatriots,
contributes to the maintenance of peace in the Taiwan Straits region, and
facilitates peaceful national reunification. We understand, trust and care
about our compatriots in Taiwan, and we will, therefore, continue to implement
and enrich the policies and measures that benefit them, protect their
legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law, and support
economic development on the west shore of the Straits in Fujian Province and in
other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated. The compatriots on both
sides of the Straits need to increase contacts, promote economic and cultural
exchanges in more areas and at higher Levels and push for the resumption of
direct links of mail, transport and trade, so that they will develop greater
empathy and closer cooperation and work together for the great rejuvenation of
the Chinese nation.
At present, the forces for "Taiwan independence" are stepping up their
secessionist activities, seriously jeopardizing the peaceful development of
cross-Straits relations. The compatriots on both sides need to work together to
oppose and contain such activities. China's sovereignty and territorial
integrity brook no division, and any matter in this regard must be decided by
the entire Chinese people including our Taiwan compatriots. We are willing to
make every effort with the utmost sincerity to achieve peaceful reunification
of the two sides, and will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from the
motherland in any name or by any means.
The two sides of the Straits are bound to be reunified in the course of the
great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. With close solidarity and concerted
efforts of all Chinese people at home and overseas, the complete reunification
of the motherland will surely be achieved.
XI. Unswervingly Following the Path of Peaceful Development
The world today is undergoing tremendous changes and adjustments. Peace and
development remain the main themes of the present era, and pursuit of peace,
development and cooperation has become an irresistible trend of the times. The
progress toward a multipolar world is irreversible, economic globalization is
developing in depth, and the scientific and technological revolution is
gathering momentum. Global and regional cooperation is in full swing, and
countries are increasingly interdependent. The international balance of power
is changing in favor of the maintenance of world peace, and the overall
international situation is stable.
At the same time, the world remains far from tranquil. Hegemonism and power
politics still exist, local conflicts and hotspot issues keep emerging,
imbalances in the world economy are worsening, the North-South gap is widening,
and traditional and nontraditional threats to security are intertwined. All
this poses difficulties and challenges to world peace and development.
Sharing opportunities for development and rising to challenges together so as
to further the noble cause of peace and development of humanity bear on he
fundamental interests of the people of all countries and meet their common
aspirations. We maintain that the people of all countries should join hands and
strive to build a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity. To
this end, all countries should uphold the purposes and principles of the United
Nations Charter, observe international law and universally recognized norms of
international relations, and promote democracy, harmony, collaboration and
win-win solutions in international relations. Politically, all countries
should respect each other and conduct consultations on an equal footing in a
common endeavor to promote democracy in international relations. Economically,
they should cooperate with each other, draw on each other's strengths and work
together to advance economic globalization in the direction of balanced
development, shared benefits and win-win progress. Culturally, they should
learn from each other in the spirit of seeking common ground while shelving
differences, respect the diversity of the world, and make joint efforts to
advance human civilization. In the area of security, they should trust each
other, strengthen cooperation, settle international disputes by peaceful means
rather than by war, and work together to safeguard peace and stability in the
world. On environmental issues, they should assist and cooperate with each
other in conservation efforts to take good care of the Earth, the only home of
human beings.
Historic changes have occurred in the relations between contemporary China and
the rest of the world, resulting in ever closer interconnection between China's
future and destiny and those of the world. Whatever changes take place in the
international situation, the Chinese government and people will always hold
high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, pursue an independent
foreign policy of peace, safeguard China's interests in terms of sovereignty,
security and development, and uphold its foreign policy purposes of maintaining
world peace and promoting common development.
China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development. This is a
strategic choice the Chinese government and people have made in light of the
development trend of the times and their awn fundamental interests. The Chinese
nation is a peace-loving people, and China is always a staunch force
safeguarding world peace. We are committed to combining the interests of the
Chinese people with the common interests of the people of other countries, and
always stand for fairness and justice. We maintain that all countries, big and
small, strong and weak, rich and poor, are equal. We respect the right of the
people of all countries to independently choose their own development path. We
will never interfere in the internal affairs of other countries or impose our
own will on them. China works for peaceful settlement of international
disputes and hotspot issues, promotes international and regional security
cooperation, and opposes terrorism in any form. China follows a national
defense policy that is defensive in nature, and it does not engage in arms race
or pose a military threat to any other country. China opposes all forms of
hegemonism and power politics arid will-never seek hegemony or engage in
expansion.
China will unswervingly follow a win-win strategy of opening up. We will
continue to contribute to regional and global development through our own
development, and expand the areas where our interests meet with those a various
sides. While securing our own development, we will accommodate the legitimate
concerns of other countries, especially other developing countries. We will
increase market access in accordance with internationally recognized economic
and trade rules, and protect the rights and interests of our partners in
accordance with the law. We
Support international efforts to help developing countries enhance their
capacity for independent development and improve the lives of their people, so
as to narrow the North-South gap. We support efforts to improve international
trade and financial systems, advance the liberalization and facilitation of
trade and investment, and properly resolve economic and trade frictions through
consultation and collaboration. China will never seek benefits for itself at
the expense of other countries or shift ifs troubles onto others.
China is committed to developing friendship and cooperation with all other
countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. For
developed countries, we will continue to strengthen strategic dialogue, enhance
mutual trust, deepen cooperation and properly manage differences to promote
long-term, stable and sound development of bilateral relations. For our
neighboring countries, we will continue to follow the foreign policy of
friendship and partnership, strengthen good-neighborly relations and practical
cooperation with them, and energetically engage in regional cooperation in
order to jointly create a peaceful, stable regional environment featuring
equality, mutual trust and win-win cooperation. For other developing countries,
we will continue to increase solidarity and cooperation with them, cement
traditional friendship, expand practical cooperation, provide assistance to
them within our ability, and uphold the legitimate demands and common interests
of developing countries. We will continue to take an active part in
multilateral affairs, assume our due international obligations, play a
constructive role, and work to make the international order fairer and more
equitable. We will also continue to conduct exchanges and cooperation with the
political parties and organizations of other countries, and strengthen the
external exchanges of people's congresses, CPPCC committees, the armed forces,
localities and people's organizations to enhance mutual understanding and
friendship between the Chinese people and the people of other countries.
China cannot develop in isolation from the rest of the world, nor can the world
enjoy prosperity and stability without China. The Chinese people will continue
to work tirelessly with the people of other countries to bring about a better
future for humanity.
XII. Comprehensively Carrying Forward the Great New Undertaking to Build the
Party in a Spirit of Reform and Innovation
Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a cause that demands reform and
innovation. To stand in the forefront of the times and lead the people in
opening up new prospects for the development of the cause, the Party must
improve itself in a spirit of reform and innovation and stay as the firm core
of leadership for this cause.
The Party was founded 86 years ago, it has governed the country for 58 years,
and its current membership totals more than 70 million. Therefore, the task of
educating and managing its members has become more arduous than ever before.
The reform and opening up led by the Party have injected tremendous vigor into
the Party, but they have also exposed it to many unprecedented tasks and tests.
Developments and changes in the global, national and intra-Party conditions
make it both vital and urgent for us to strengthen Party building in a spirit
of reform and innovation. To achieve the main objectives of strengthening the
Party's governance capability and vanguard nature, we must ensure that the
Party exercises self-discipline and is strict with its members, and work to
fulfill the requirement for serving the people and being pragmatic and
incorruptible. We must strengthen Party building in all respects. Ideologically,
we will focus on fortifying the convictions of Party members. Organizationally,
we will put emphasis on bringing up Party members and cadres of quality. In
improving the Party's style of work, we will stress the maintenance of its
close ties with the people. Institutionally, we will emphasize improving
democratic centralism. In enhancing the Party's capacity to fight corruption
and uphold integrity we will focus on improving the institutions for punishing
and preventing corruption. All this will enable the Party to remain a ruling
Marxist party that is built for the public interests and exercises governance
for the people; a party that is realistic, pragmatic and committed to reform
and innovation; a party that is hardworking and clean; and a party that is full
of vigor and enjoys solidarity and harmony.
1. Thoroughly study and apply the system of theories of socialism with Chinese
characteristics and focus on arming the whale Party with the latest
achievements in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions. Ideological and
theoretical development is of fundamental importance to Party building, and the
Party's innovation in theory guides innovation in all other areas. To build a
party committed to learning, we need to thoroughly study Marxism-Leninism, Mao
Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three
Represents and launch a Party-wide campaign to intensively study and apply the
Scientific Outlook on Development in light of the dynamic practices of reform,
opening up and modernization. We must follow the developing Marxism as our
guide in changing the objective world and remolding the subjective world better
grasp the laws concerning the Communist Party's governance, socialist
construction and the development of human society, and improve our capability
to apply scientific theories to analyzing and salving practical problems. We
must step up education for Party members and cadres to cherish the Party's
ideals and beliefs and uphold high ideological and moral standards, so that
they will set an example in putting into practice the socialist core values,
firmly believe in the lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of
socialism with Chinese characteristics, faithfully apply the Scientific Outlook
on Development, conscientiously follow the socialist maxims of honor and
disgrace, and actively promote social harmony.
2. Continue to strengthen the Party's governance capability and focus on
building high-duality leading bodies. Strengthening the Party's governance
capability has an overall impact on Party building and the cause of socialism
with Chinese characteristics. In building the leading bodies at all levels, we
must focus our efforts on promptly and effectively improving their art of
leadership and governance capability. Following the requirement of scientific,
democratic and law-based governance, we will improve the way of thinking of
leading bodies, the governing competence of leading cadres, their styles of
leadership and governance, the leadership system, and the working mechanisms of
the Leading bodies of local Party committees that have had their staffing
restructured. All this is intended to turn the Leading bodies at all levels
into staunch collective leaderships that are firmly committed to the Party's
theories, lines, principles and policies and capable of leading scientific
development. We will improve the governance capability of leading bodies in
order to motivate and guide the whole Party and ensure that all the Party's
work always accords with the requirements of the times and the expectations of
the people.
3. Expand intra-Party democracy and focus on enhancing the Party's solidarity
and unity. Intra-Party democracy provides an important guarantee for improving
the Party's creativity and reinforcing its solidarity and unity. We will expand
intra-Party democracy to develop people's democracy and increase intra-Party
harmony to promote social harmony. We need to respect the principal position of
Party members, guarantee their democratic rights, increase transparency in
Party affairs and create favorable conditions for democratic discussions within
the Party. We will improve the system of Party congresses by adopting a tenure
system for their delegates and implementing a system of Party congresses with a
fixed term on a trial basis in selected counties, cities and districts. We will
improve the working mechanisms of local Party committees at all levels and
their standing committees and let the Party committees make decisions on major
issues. We will strictly implement democratic centralism, improve the system
that combines collective leadership with division of responsibilities among
individuals, and oppose and prevent arbitrary decision-making by an individual
or a minority of people. We will introduce a system of voting for use by local
Party committees in discussing and deciding on major issues and appointing
cadres to important positions. We will establish a sound system under which the
Political Bureau of the Central Committee regularly reports its work to plenary
sessions of the Central Committee and accepts their oversight, and the standing
committees of local Party committees at all levels do likewise to plenary
sessions of local Party committees and, accept their oversight. We will reform
the intra-Party electoral system and improve the system for nominating
candidates and electoral methods. We will spread the practice in which
candidates for leading positions in primary Party organizations are recommended
both by Party members and the public in an open manner and by the Party
organization at the next higher level, gradually extend direct election of
leading members in primary Party organizations to more places, and explore
various ways to expand intra-Party democracy at the primary level. All Party
members must firmly uphold the centralized and unified leadership of the Party,
conscientiously abide by the Party's political discipline, always be in
agreement with the Central Committee and resolutely safeguard its authority to
ensure that its resolutions and decisions are carried out effectively.
4. Continue to deepen reform of the cadre and personnel system and focus on
training high-caliber cadres and personnel. Adhering to the principle that the
Party is in charge of cadre management, we will establish a scientific
mechanism for selecting and appointing cadres on the basis of democracy,
openness, competition and merit. We will standardize the cadre nomination
system, perfect the cadre assessment system in accordance with the requirements
of the Scientific Outlook on Development and a correct view on evaluating
cadres' performances, and improve the procedures for open selection,
competition for positions and multi-candidate election. We will expand
democracy in the work related to cadres and make democratic recommendation and
assessment more scientific and authentic. We must enforce stricter oversight
over the whore process of selecting and appointing cadres. We will improve the
tenure system and the recusal system for leading cadres as well as the system
for transferring them between different posts, the public servant System, and
the system of dual administration of cadres. We will advance reform of the
personnel system in state-owned enterprises and public institutions and improve
management of executives suited to conditions in these enterprises.
Adhering to correct guidance in appointing cadres, we will promote cadres who
have political integrity, professional competence and outstanding performance
and enjoy popular support with a view to increasing public trust in cadre
selection and appointment. We will make greater efforts to train and promote
outstanding young cadres, encourage them to work and temper themselves at the
primary level and in areas with tough conditions, improve their understanding
of Marxist theory and raise their political quality. We will attach great
importance to training and selecting cadres from among women and ethnic
minorities. We will give special attention to cadres who have long been working
diligently in places fraught with hardships and difficulties. We will select
excellent cadres from primary-level organizations and the frontline of
production to join Party and government leading organs at all levels. We will
continue to train cadres on a large scale, making full use of Party schools,
schools of administration and cadre academies to substantially improve the
quality of cadres. We will do a good job in all work related to retired cadres.
Implementing the policy of respect for work, knowledge, talent and creation and
adhering to the principle of the Party being in charge of personnel, we will
make plans for training all types of personnel with the focus on high-level and
highly skilled ones. We will make innovations in systems and mechanisms for
personnel work and arouse the creativity and enterprising spirit of all types
of personnel to create a new situation in which capable people come forth in
great numbers and put their talents to best use.
5. Consolidate and develop all the achievements of the campaign to educate
Party members to preserve their vanguard nature, and focus on strengthening
primary Party organizations. The vanguard nature is the source of life and
strength for a Marxist party, and has to be demonstrated by its tens of
millions of members of quality. We must, therefore, do a good job in the basic
project to build a strong Party membership and keep improving their quality. We
will earnestly study and abide by the Party Constitution, raise our awareness
of Party membership, introduce the practice of regularly reviewing Party
members' compliance with the Party spirit, expand channels through which Party
members serve the people, institute working procedures for them to stay in
touch with and serve the people, and improve the permanent mechanism whereby
Party members regularly go through education and always retain their vanguard
nature. All this will make Party members exemplars who always keep in mind the
purpose of the Party and truly care far the people. We will improve management
of Party members among the floating population, improve the party work among
rural migrant workers in cities, and set up a sound unified system for dynamic
management of Party members in both urban and rural areas. We will improve the
quality of newly recruited Party members, optimize the composition of Party
membership, and promptly deal with unqualified members.
Primary Party organizations constitute the organizational foundation for the
Party to play its governance role. We will implement the responsibility system
for building the Party and advance all-round development of primary Party
organizations in villages, enterprises, urban communities, Party and government
organs, schools, new social organizations, etc. We will give full play to the
role of primary Party organizations in promoting development, serving the
people, rallying public support and promoting harmony by optimizing their
setups, expanding their coverage and making innovations in the way they
function. We will develop primary Party organizations to promote development of
other organizations at the primary level. We will launch intensive campaigns in
primary Party organizations and among Party members to encourage them to excel
in their performances. We will set up a sound mechanism for mutual assistance
between urban and rural primary Party organizations. We will develop modern
distance learning programs for Party members and cadres in rural areas
throughout the country. We will set up a sound mechanism of incentives,
solicitude and assistance in the Party to show concern for cadres at the
primary level, for elderly Party members and for those who live in straitened
circumstances. We will pay attention to ensuring funding and space for
activities of primary Party organizations.
6. Effectively improve the Party's style of work and focus on combating
corruption and upholding integrity. The Party's fine style of work is a great
force holding Party members together and winning popular support. We must
uphold the viewpoint of historical materialism that it is the people who make
history, remain committed to serving the people wholeheartedly and adhere to
the mass line. We must earnestly listen to their appeals, truthfully reflect
their wishes, sincerely help alleviate their hardships and do more practical
work for their benefit, putting into practice the principle of exercising power
for the people, showing concern for them and working for their interests. We
will seek progress in every aspect of our endeavor in a realistic and pragmatic
way and do more to reinforce the groundwork for long-term benefit. We need to
carry out more investigations and studies, improve our styles of study and
writing, cut the number of meetings and official documents, and oppose
formalism, bureaucracy and deception. We need to practice economy, always be
frugal and hardworking, and oppose extravagance and waste. All Party members,
especially leading cadres, must uphold the Party spirit, be impeccable in moral
standards and play an exemplary role in society. We need to strengthen
education in the Party's style of work and Party discipline and vigorously
practice criticism and self-criticism so that leading cadres will
conscientiously observe Party discipline and state laws, carry forward the
Party's fine traditions and promote new healthy trends. With the Party's fine
style of work, we will be able to improve the work style of the government and
the conduct of the general public.
The CPC never tolerates corruption or any other negative phenomena. This is
determined by its nature and purpose. Resolutely punishing and effectively
preventing corruption bears on the popular support for the Party and on its
very survival, and is therefore a major political task the Party must attend to
at all times. All Party members must be fully aware that fighting corruption
will be a protracted, complicated and arduous battle, attach greater importance
to combating corruption and upholding integrity and take a clear stand against
corruption. We will fight corruption in a comprehensive way, address both its
symptoms and root cause and combine punishment with prevention, with the
emphasis on prevention, thus effectively improving the institutions for
punishing and preventing corruption. While resolutely cracking down on
corruption, we will work harder to remove its root cause and take preventive
measures through improving relevant institutions and expanding our efforts to
curb corruption at the source. We will strictly implement the responsibility
system for improving the Party's style of work and upholding integrity. We will
deepen reform, make institutional innovation, foster a culture of integrity and
develop a permanent education mechanism to resist corruption and decadence, a
system for combating corruption and upholding integrity and a mechanism for
monitoring the exercise of power. We need to strengthen the unified management
of representative offices of Party discipline inspection commissions and
government supervision departments, and improve the system of inspection tours.
We will do our best to ensure that leading cadres are clean and
self-disciplined and that Party members and cadres are better able to resist
corruption and decadence. We must resolutely stop unhealthy practices that hurt
public interests, and take effective measures to deal with matters that cause
strong public resentment. We must see to it that all cases involving violation
of law and discipline are thoroughly investigated and dealt with, and that all
corruptionists are severely punished according to law without fail.
Comrades,
Ever since its founding in July 1921, the CPC has bravely dedicated itself to
the historical mission of leading the Chinese people in striving for a happy
life and for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Chinese Communists
have been fighting one generation after another to fulfill this mission, and
countless revolutionaries have sacrificed their lives in the course. Party
members in contemporary China must continue on this mission. The ongoing reform,
opening up and socialist modernization drive undertaken by the people of all
ethnic groups under the Party's leadership are a continuation and development
of the great cause of socialist construction since the founding of the People's
Republic and the great cause of the Chinese people's struggle for national
independence, prosperity and strength since modern times. Reviewing the past,
we feel deeply honored to carry on this sacred mission. Looking ahead, we have
full confidence in fulfilling the three historical tasks of advancing the
modernization drive, achieving national reunification, and safeguarding world
peace and promoting common development.
All Party members must be keenly aware that it will take more than a decade of
continued efforts to reach the goal of building a moderately prosperous society
in all respects, and decades more to realize modernization by and large, and
that it will require unremitting efforts by several, a dozen or even dozens of
generations to consolidate and develop the socialist system. We are bound to
meet with difficulties and risks in our endeavor. We must therefore stay
prepared for adversities in times of peace, be mindful of potential dangers,
and always maintain our firm faith in Marxism, socialism with Chinese
characteristics and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must guard
against arrogance and rashness, preserve the style of plain living and hard
struggle, bear firmly in mind the basic reality that China is still in the
primary stage of socialism, and work tirelessly for the cause of the Party and
the people. We must study and work diligently and keep scoring achievements
that can stand the test of practice and time to the satisfaction of the people.
We must reinforce unity, bear the overall interests in mind, conscientiously
uphold the solidarity and unity of the whole Patty, maintain close ties between
the Party and the people, cement the great unity of the people of all ethnic
groups, and enhance the great solidarity of all sons and daughters of the
Chinese nation at home and overseas and of the Chinese people and peoples of
other countries, which will give us immense strength to overcome all
difficulties and obstacles and achieve new, greater victories in the cause of
the Party and the people.
Let us hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics,
rally more closely around the Central Committee, unite as one, forge ahead in a
pioneering spirit, and work hard to achieve new victories in building a
moderately prosperous society in all respects and write a new chapter of happy
life for the people!
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十七大报告(英文版)
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