Tactical Theorems & Frameworks 完整版 zz 有附件

【FMYX】【TT&F】FM09战术指南与传道授业解惑帖预告 【FMYX】翻译：Tottiseiya@游侠 【FMYX】欢迎转载，但请保留所有相关信息！ ———————————————————————————— 战术指南下载： 战术理论与框架09：详细阐述所有战术指令的49页PDF文件！ TT&F09注释页：涉及基本指令的2页PDF文件！ TT&F09战术向导：提供分步战术设计的Excel上的向导（需要Office2003或以上版本）！ TT&F09战术：可以用来代替游戏默认战术的72个通用战术！ 传道授业解惑帖： 传道授业解惑帖1：经理风格和心态系统 传道授业解惑帖2：球员角色和前插 传道授业解惑帖3：逼抢 传道授业解惑帖4：传球方式

http://game.ali213.net/thread-2390164-1-1.html 【FMYX】【TT&F】传道授业解惑帖No.1：经理风格和心态系统 【FMYX】翻译：Tottiseiya@游侠 【FMYX】独家翻译！未经同意，严禁转载！ ——————————————————————————————— 战术理论与框架09 No.1： 经理风格和心态系统 附件是进攻、防守和标准3套TT&F442战术！弗格森式的战术！ 两个基本的战术设置（心态和自由度）是最难转换成现实足球语言的。很难想象一个经理精确地详细指出每个球员如何进攻或者他被允许根据滑块的位置脱离球队整体设置多少。这种水平的精确度以往在FM玩家中导致了担心和争议，也经常被强烈地批评太复杂了。尝试抛开这些复杂性，我们想提供一个滑块的新概念，使经理风格尽可能跟球队战术一样起决定作用。 经理风格的两极是权力主义者和自由主义者。权力主义者经理决定球队的每个方面，希望每个球员都严格遵守他的指令。心态结构会分别设置给每个球员，自由度几乎接近于不存在。球队会踢出精确而受控制的足球，带有一点点才华或创造性，严重依赖定位球和设定好的跑位来进球。另一方面，自由主义者经理对球队在每场比赛该如何进攻或防守有一个大致思想，让球员自己思考。心态结构会非常通用，自由度会很高。球队踢的是自由足球，进球来自于各种类型的开放式跑位。 在现实生活中，这两种经理风格，尽管可能会有短期的成功，但长期来看，很可能会失败，因为他们太过片面了。过于有条理的经理能使其高度控制型的足球达到顶级水平，但往往会因太管制以至于无法保持住，他的球队无法提供足够的才华和自由度来破一流的防守。然而，他仅仅靠控球应该能使低迷的球队振作起来。注重才华和自由度的经理能很好地带领一个充满了以下这些球员的阵容，这些球员能保持在同一级联赛水平的较高处，但无法带来足够的战术洞察力以此达到积分榜顶端赢得重大比赛和冠军头衔。如果有很差的阵容，他很可能会是一个十足的灾难，因为他会要求他的球员们做他们做不到的事。 跟现实中的经理一样，成功的FM09经理同样需要学会如何平衡阵容结构的系统联系和信任球员，球员被允许拥有一定自由度来展示自己，而不破坏他的整体战术理念。了解自己属于哪种风格的经理，会使你能选择或设置最适合你的心态系统。有些系统更适合偏向权力主义者的经理，因为他们在严格的自由度方面做得很好，而有些系统就对自由主义者经理更友好，需要更多自由度和才华来达到繁荣。 无论你选择哪个，还是需要进一步做改变，以便适合你自己的偏好、带队方式和你安排的每个球员的能力。你或许是个争强好胜的经理，会努力把你的特殊方式强加给对方，这样转向了一种低自由度的进攻框架。你可能会用细节来考验对手的策略，安排大多数球员反击，而只依靠一个天才球员去做创造性的动作。从来没有带队或执教的“最佳方式”。然而，有些地方还是有最适合你的性格和观点的风格。尽管整个文件列出了8个心态系统，我们在这里限制为2个，一个是穆里尼奥式的极端权力主义者系统，一个是稍微自由点的弗格森式的系统。 耐克防守 经理风格：穆里尼奥 尽管这种心态结构基本上是“一心态规则”（见第13页）的改编版，它理想地适合那些希望能跟穆里尼奥一样带队的人。它具有高度控制性，比任何其它系统都详细设定更多的个人心态。在两个方面很接近穆里尼奥的战术。首先，它会有一个体力充沛而又覆盖面广的中后卫来支持强壮的破坏者，好比切尔西的卡瓦略和特里组合。其次，后腰站位比他在规则1中要稍微靠后，相当于穆里尼奥用马克莱莱的方法。像所有的“一心态规则”战术一样，它适用于穆里尼奥式的经理，因为它能在没有过高自由度的情况下做得很好。 GK: 7 DCd: 6 DC: 8 FB: 10 MCd: 9 ML/R: 11 MCa: 12 FC: 13 二人小团体 经理风格：弗格森 弗格森是首个脱离非常紧凑的控制教学法的经理。曼联的系统，尤其是奎罗斯的年代，通过4个小团体实行。中后卫主要被要求防守（与为卡呸骡打时不一样，这里费迪南德留在后场），边后卫和后腰在履行防守职责之余为前线提供后场支援。前腰和边锋事实上是可以互相换位的，在高度支持的体系中交换角色，通常被允许自由发挥。最后一个小团体就是作为箭头人物的前锋，理想情况下是一个能舒服地在脚下控球或高空争顶的完美球员。 GK: 8 DC: 8 FB: 10 MCd: 10 ML/R: 12 MCa: 12 FC: 14 Tactical Theorems & Frameworks 09 Managerial Type & Mentality Systems The two primary tactical instructions (mentality and creative freedom) are the most difficult to translate into real world footballing language. It is difficult to imagine a manager specifying exactly how attacking each player should be or how much he is allowed to deviate from managerial instructions to the degree the sliders allow. Such levels of precision have traditionally caused much angst and argument among FM managers and have often been heavily criticised as being too complex. In attempting to unravel these complexities, we’d like to offer a new conceptualisation of these sliders as determining manager type as much as the tactics of the team. The two polarities of managerial type are the Authoritarian and the Libertarian manager. The Authoritarian determines every aspect of the team’s play and expects each player to follow his instructions to the letter. Mentality structure will be individually tailored to the players and creative freedom will be close to non-existent. The team will play very precise, controlled football with little flair or creativity and heavily rely on set pieces and set moves to score. On the other hand, the Libertarian manager has a rough idea of how attacking or defensive his team should be for each match and gives players their heads. The mentality structure will be very generic and creative freedom will be high. The team will play free-flowing football and goals will come from all types of open-play moves. As in real life, these two managerial stereotypes, although potentially successful short-term, are likely to fail in the long run as they are too one-dimensional in approach. The overly structured manager can take his highly controlled style of football to the top level but is often too regimented to remain there, with his teams failing to offer enough flair and creativity to break down high-class defences. However, he should be able to keep a poor squad up simply by playing percentage football. The flair and creativity focused manager will do very well with a squad full of players who can operate at the higher end of the divisional level but will fail to bring enough tactical acumen to the table to win really big matches and titles. With a poor squad, he is likely to be an unmitigated disaster, as he will ask his players to do things of which they are not capable. As with real life managers, the successful FM09 manager will need to learn how to balance a systematic approach to formation structure with a trust in which players can be allowed the creative freedom to express themselves without disrupting his overall tactical vision. Knowing which type of manager you are will then enable you to choose or design a mentality system that best suits your style. Some systems better suit a manager at the Authoritarian end of the scale, as they can do well with restricted creative freedom, whereas others are friendlier to the Libertarian axis, requiring a lot of creativity and flair to flourish. No matter which one you choose it is likely that they will need to be tweaked further to suit your own playing preference, managerial style and the ability of the individual players at your disposal. You might be an aggressive manager that tries to impose his particular style of play on the opposition and thus veer towards an attacking framework with low creative freedom. You might examine your opponent's strategy in fine detail and assign the majority of players to counter it whilst relying on an elite few to do the creative stuff. There is no 'best way' to play or manage. However, somewhere there will be a style of play that best suits your temperament and vision. Although the full document outlines eight mentality systems, we’ll restrict ourselves to two here, an extremely Authoritarian system in the style of José Mourinho and a slightly freer one in the style of Alex Ferguson. The Nike Defence Manager Type: José Mourinho Although this mentality structure is basically an adaption of the Rule of One (see page 13), it is ideally suited to those that wish to play the Mourinho way. It is exceedingly control-orientated and specifies more individual mentality settings than any other system. It closely mirrors Mourinho's tactics in two ways. Firstly, it employs an athletic covering DC to support a powerful destroyer in the manner of the Carvalho/Terry Chelsea partnership. Secondly, the MCd sits slightly deeper than he would in the Rule of One, which equates to how Mourinho employed Makalele. Like all Rule of One tactics, it suits the Mourinho-type manager as it can do well without excessive creative freedom. GK: 7 DCd: 6 DC: 8 FB: 10 MCd: 9 ML/R: 11 MCa: 12 FC: 13 Bands of Two Manager Type: Alex Ferguson Sir Alex is the first manager that deviates from a very tight control methodology. Manchester Utd's system, most especially in the Queiroz years, operates through four bands of play. While the central defenders are predominantly instructed to defend (unlike when playing for Capello, Ferdinand stays back) the full backs and defensive midfielder offer deep support for the front line alongside their defensive duties. The attacking midfielder and wingers have become virtually interchangeable, switching roles in the high support band, and are usually allowed their creative heads. The final band is the spearhead forward, ideally a complete player who is comfortable playing with the ball at his feet or in the air. GK: 8 DC: 8 FB: 10 MCd: 10 ML/R: 12 MCa: 12 FC: 14

http://game.ali213.net/thread-2391643-1-1.html 【FMYX】【TT&F】传道授业解惑帖No.2：球员角色和前插 【FMYX】翻译：Tottiseiya@游侠 【FMYX】独家翻译！未经同意，严禁转载！ ————————————————————————————— 战术理论与框架09 No.2： 球员角色和前插 附件是进攻、防守和标准3套TT&F352战术！ 当安排你的球员前插时，重要的是你必须非常清楚他们在球队的角色。球员角色按以下方式定义： ·防守：格外注重防守职责 ·支援：兼顾进攻和防守职责 ·进攻：格外注重进攻职责 让你的球员前插规定了他们脱离已安排的阵型位置有多频繁和多远。如果一个球员被要求前插很少，这个翻译成比赛引擎就是保持阵型位置的指令，时刻准备着迎接任何反击。安排前插混合翻译过来就是指示他支援进攻，但不要离开阵型位置太远，以便需要时能够迅速退守支援防线。前插经常则告诉球员一旦球队拿到球就尽快移到进攻位置。有了以上认识，前插应该按以下方式应用： ·防守：前插很少 ·支援：前插混合 ·进攻：前插经常 为了使这些简单些，我们把球员角色的早期探讨限制在3种最基本的比赛策略，即防守型、标准型和进攻型（见第31-32页）。为了稳固，每个战术要求足够的人员防守和足够的人员进攻，但进攻倾向的要求更多进攻球员，相反地，防守战术需要更多人员参与防守。因此，角色按以下方式安排： ·防守型：5人防守，2人支援，3人进攻 ·标准型：3人防守，4人支援，3人进攻 ·进攻型：3人防守，2人支援，5人进攻 这样的系统把球员角色安排到3人防守、2人支援和3人进攻的基本配置，在所有的比赛策略中都是一样的。然后由经理决定他希望哪两个球员在这3个位置上“浮动”。这些“浮动人员”在防守型比赛策略中会被分类为防守球员，在标准型比赛策略中为支援球员，而在进攻型策略中则为进攻球员。对大多数阵型来说（包括 5-3-2、4-4-2、4-3-3、4-5-1等等），这些球员很可能是边后卫或进攻型边后卫。对没有边后卫的系统来说，经理需要更富创造性。一旦你规定了哪些球员要“浮动”，就很容易调整指令，为任何战术创造全部三种策略。 当安排这些角色时，很重要的是要认识到，前锋的位置天生是进攻的。如此，他们不需要设置成前插经常或混合以从而被分类为进攻球员或支援球员。事实上，在两前锋阵型中，安排2个前锋一起前插混合，经常会导致他们与中场脱节，游离于比赛之外。正如前面指出的，1个前锋（参与防守的前锋）需要在靠后的支援角色上，以便与中场连接起进攻，而另一个前锋（全力进攻的前锋）应该想办法与对方最后一名防守队员平行（以免越位）。正确安排他们的前插对你的进攻形成整体是很重要的： ·参与防守的前锋可以分类为前插很少或混合的进攻或支援球员。 ·全力进攻的前锋可以分类为前插混合或经常的进攻球员。 Tactical Theorems & Frameworks 09 Player Roles & Forward Runs (FWRs) When assigning forward runs to your players, it is important that you are very clear as to their role in the team. Player roles are defined in the following way: Defend: The player will focus heavily on defensive duties Support: The player will perform both defensive and attacking duties Attack: The player will focus heavily on attacking duties Asking your players to make forward runs defines how often and by how far they will deviate from the assigned formation position. If a player is told to make Forward Runs Rarely, this translates into the match engine as an instruction to hold his formation position and be ready to cover any counter-attacks. Assigning Forward Runs Mixed translates as instructing him to help out with attacks but not to stray too far from his formation position so he can quickly get back and help out the defence as and when needed. Forward Runs Often tells the player to move into attacking positions as soon as the team has the ball. With the above in mind, forward runs should be applied in the following manner: • Defend: FWRs Rarely • Support: FWRs Mixed • Attack: FWRs Often To keep things simple, we will restrict early discussion of player roles to the three most basic match strategies, Defensive, Standard and Attacking (see pages 31-32). Every tactic requires enough people defending and enough people attacking to be stable, but attacking flavours require more attackers and, conversely, defensive tactics need more bodies in defence. Hence, roles are assigned in the following manner: • Defensive: 5 defend, 2 support, 3 attack • Standard: 3 defend, 4 support, 3 attack • Attacking: 3 defend, 2 support, 5 attack Such a system assigns player roles into a basic configuration of 3 Defend, 2 Support and 3 Attack, which repeats through all the match strategies. The manager then decides on which two players he wishes to ‘float’ between the three. These ‘floaters’ will be classed as Defends in Defensive match strategies, Supports in Standard match strategies and Attackers in Attacking match strategies. For most formations (including 5-3-2, 4-4-2, 4-3-3, 4-5-1 etc.) the likelihood is that these players will be the full backs or wing backs. For systems without full backs, the manager needs to be more creative. Once you’ve identified which players you are going to ‘float’ it becomes simple to scale the instructions and create all three strategic flavours of any tactic. When assigning these roles, it is important to recognise the forward positions as being attacking by nature. As such, they do not require having FWRs Often/Mixed to be classified as an Attacker/Support. Indeed, assigning FWRs Often to both FCs in a two-forward formation will often lead to their being isolated from the midfield and uninvolved with play. As specified earlier, one FC (FCd) will need to operate in a deeper, support role to link the attack with the midfield, whereas the other (FCa) should be looking to play on the shoulder of the last defender. Correctly assigning their forward runs is fundamental to having your attack operate as a unit: • The FCd can be classed as attack/support with no/mixed FWRs • The FCa can be classed as attack with mixed/often FWRs

http://game.ali213.net/thread-2400567-1-1.html 【FMYX】【TT&F】传道授业解惑帖No.3：逼抢 【FMYX】翻译：Tottiseiya@游侠 【FMYX】独家翻译！未经同意，严禁转载！ ——————————————————————— 战术理论与框架09 No.3： 逼抢 附件是进攻、防守和标准3套TT&F4321战术！ 逼抢，即一个球员离开他的防守位置去处理一个进攻威胁有多快、多远。全队设置得太高会导致防守结构破碎，因为球员在整个球场追着对手跑。也会导致很多人疲劳，还有比赛最后阶段的防守失误。设置得太低则会使球员退后又退后，给对手时间和空间在危险的位置做直塞球和起脚射门。 总的来说，如果球员根据他们的位置来发挥，逼抢会最有效。前锋位于球场的最前方，因此需要比防守他们的球员逼抢地更具侵略性。中场球员则大致在两者之间。有了这个意识，建议把你的门将和中后卫组合作为基础，依次向前递进。 对低水平的、状况糟糕的、纪律很差的阵容，你应该把逼抢的幅度降到最低。对高水平的、勤奋的、体能充沛的、纪律严明的阵容，你应该设置到最高。 把中后卫的心态作为基点（x），逼抢应该大致符合以下最小值到最大值的设置： ·门将/中后卫：x ·边后卫：x+1到x+4 ·后腰/防守型中场：x+2到x+6 ·进攻型中场/前腰/边锋：x+3到x+8 ·前锋：x+4到x+10 如上所述，为球队选择正确的设置时，重要的是要认识到，这种逼抢结构对你球员的风格是否太具侵略性，要考虑体能、战术纪律和技术，得能够胜任才行。逼抢太高的一个关键标志，就是看到你的球员像无头苍蝇一样满场瞎跑，比赛结束后处于几乎精疲力尽的状况。这种情况在低水平比赛的高压迫战术中是很普遍的。如果你注意到你的球员，无论是个人还是整体，逼抢得使你的防守阵型混乱，那就降低逼抢设置，直到你满意他们的表现。换种方式，你也许会决定踢得谨慎一些或在容易的比赛中保存球员体力，这也需要减少逼抢。而逼抢太低的标志，就是看到对手在禁区线前有时间和空间做直塞球，并且老是能够冷静地进行高效的远射。 同样重要的是要认识到，在不同的足球文化中要有不同的逼抢类型。在比较热的国家，更注重保存体力，而不是亦步亦趋地压迫对手。相反，在比较寒冷的国家，一般使用逼抢水平很高的球员。 Tactical Theorems & Frameworks 09 Closing Down Closing down translates as how quickly and how far a player will leave his defensive position to deal with an attacking threat. Setting it too high throughout the team will lead to defensive structure disintegrating as players chase their opponents all over the pitch. It will also result in a lot of tired legs and defensive errors during the latter stages of a match. Setting it too low will see players backing off and backing off, allowing the opposition time and space to make through passes and set up for shots in dangerous positions. Generally, closing down will work best if players perform it in relation to their position. Forwards are positioned high up the pitch, so need to close down more aggressively than their defensive counter-parts. Midfielders will be somewhere between the two. With this in mind, it is advisable to use your goalkeeper and central defensive pairing as a base and grade upwards from there. For lower level, poorly conditioned and ill-disciplined squads you should veer towards the lower end of the closing down spectrum. For quality, hard working, fit and disciplined sides, you should veer towards maximum settings. Using the DC’s mentality as a base (x), closing down should roughly conform to the following minimum to maximum settings: • GK/DC: x • FB/WB: x + 1 to x + 4 • DMC/MCd: x + 2 to x + 6 • MCa/AMC/Wingers: x + 3 to x + 8 • FCs: x + 4 to x + 10 As highlighted above, when choosing the correct settings for your team, it is important to recognise whether the closing down structure is too aggressive for the type of football your players, in terms of fitness, tactical discipline and technique, are capable of playing. A key indicator that closing down is too high is seeing your players running around like headless chickens and finishing games in a state of semi-exhaustion. This is likely to be quite common for high pressing tactics in lower level football. If you notice your players, either individually or as a unit, closing down to the extent that your defensive formation shape suffers, reduce individual closing down settings until you are happy with performance. Alternatively, you might decide to play a more cautious game or conserve player energy in easy matches, which will also require the reduction of closing down. The indicator that you have gone too low is seeing the opposition having time and space in front of the back line to pick their through balls and compose themselves to make consistently effective long range shots. It is also important to recognise the distinct closing down patterns in different footballing cultures, with sides from hotter countries more focused on conserving energy than pressing the opposition at pace. In contrast, colder countries generally employ far higher levels of closing down.

http://game.ali213.net/thread-2403883-1-1.html 【FMYX】【TT&F】传道授业解惑帖No.4：传球方式 【FMYX】翻译：Tottiseiya@游侠 【FMYX】独家翻译！未经同意，严禁转载！ ————————————————————————— 战术理论与框架09 No.4： 传球方式 附件是进攻、防守和标准3套TT&F541战术！ 当设置传球方式时，有两个主要的事情需要考虑。首先是确保每个球员控球时都有一些传球选择。其次是考虑你想要你的球队踢哪种足球。 传球对象： 仅仅最小程度来说，一名球员总应该能抬头看到两个容易的传球对象。理想状况下，会有三个，但这也许在小球场上、面对过来逼抢的后卫或者处于很大的压力时很难实现。一个很普遍的失误是让球员没有任何向前传球的对象。如果你让一名边后卫传很短的球给一名富有侵略性的中场，所有人都会尝试抓住每个机会向前冲，而这样他抬头一看却看不到明显的传球对象。他将只能传给内侧的中后卫，但那就无法制造进攻，而且经常会导致后防四人处于压力中，可能会被对手压迫的前场球员把球抢去，或者漫无目的地开大脚以避免在危险的位置上被拦截。这种情况发生的最普通的标志，就是当球员似乎处于无压力的情况下浪费机会，或者看到很多有短传指令的球员却长传。 确保每个防守球员抬头看后，在没有多大困难的情况下，能横传、向前传和斜传。对一名在场上位置靠前的球员来说，面对一堆防守球员，向前传可能会非常困难，所以他需要有横传、斜传和向后传的对象，这使球队保持控球，寻找新的突破口。检查传球队员周围的球员的位置设置（心态和前插），调整他的传球指令，以便他能传出任何需要的长度。那也许就意味着给他更长的传球的指令，相对你一开始的期待来说。当设置传球指令时，单个球员属性是有影响的。一名具有很好的传球能力的球员应该能寻找到一些传球对象，不管他的传球指令是怎样的，只要他能使球远离危险，这决定了他的性格。然而，一些传球比较困难的球员，也许更适合长一点的“解围”指令，那样他就不会在危险的位置做糟糕的匆忙传球。 虽然所有的传球系统都能也应该设置为最适合你的球员配置，依然有两种基本的传球策略可以供你参考。一种注重保持控球，控制住球，然后攻破对手最后一条防线。另一种更倾向于防守反击，似乎在防线退守到防守位置之前会解围，对快攻很难防守。 控球/攻破对手：这种系统要求有能够成功进攻的稳固基础。确保控球在脚下直到有机会进攻是后卫的职责。因此，后卫和更倾向于防守的中场应该尝试做维持控球的短传。更具创造性的球员会尝试移动位置，扯开对手最后一条防线的空间。因此，他们会传得更直接。如果他们丢了球并且被解围，那防线重新组织，重新建立基础，进攻可以再次开始。 防守反击：这种系统需要看对手。防线应该是处于压迫中，主要目的是解围，希望在这么做的时候有最原始的反击。因此，防守球员的传球应该设置为直传，尝试传给中场，喂给前锋，因为短传给拖后中场，如果他立刻被逼抢并且丢球的话，那将是非常危险的。直传指令确保整个球队都在传球范围以内，给处于压迫中的后卫提供了多种解围选择。前锋的职责是在对手防线退回防守位置之前尝试反击。因此，他们会尝试短传给他们的射手搭档，并支援中场，希望有快速有效的直塞的好机会。 上面的都需要适合球场大小和比赛策略。比如，在一个较小的球场，进攻球员直传可能会频繁地传过了，那就需要根据情况做调整。同样地，发现比赛中拥有控球心态，可能会使经理让一个中场中路球员短传，以便帮助执行控球任务，只有四名球员冲入对手最后一条防线寻找空间。对糟糕的一方来说，两个系统也许都需要建立在更长一点的传球的指令基础上，确保球员在危险的位置上不去做容易被拦截的愚蠢传球。 Tactical Theorems & Frameworks 09 Passing Patterns There are two major areas to be thinking about when setting passing patterns. The first is to make sure each player has plenty of passing options when he is in possession. The second is to think about what type of football you would like your team to play. Passing Options At the bare minimum, a player should always be able to look up and see two easy passing options. Ideally, there will be three but this might be difficult to achieve on small pitches, against entrenched defences or under heavy pressure. A common error is to allow a player no obvious forward passing options at all. If you ask a full back to play very short passes to an aggressive midfield, all of whom are looking to get forward at every opportunity, the chances are he will look up and fail to see an obvious pass. He will be able to pass it inside to the DC but that will not initiate an attack and often lead to the back four being put under pressure and being dispossessed by a pressing front line or punting a directionless, long ball to avoid being caught in a dangerous position. Common signs that this is happening are players dawdling on the ball when seemingly under little pressure or seeing a lot of players with short passing instructions banging it long. Make sure that each defensive player can look up and hit a lateral ball, forward ball and a diagonal ball without too much difficulty. For a player high up the pitch, the forward ball might be very difficult to pick against a packed defence, so he needs to have lateral, diagonal and backwards options, which enable the team to retain possession and look for a new opening. Check on the positioning settings of the players around the passer (mentality and forward runs) and adjust his passing instructions so he can hit passes to any of the required lengths. That might mean giving him longer passing instructions than you would have first expected. Individual player attributes are influential when assigning passing instructions. A player with great passing ability should be able to find some kind of passing option no matter his instructions, as long as his temperament is up to his being able to play his way out of danger. However, someone who struggles to control his passing might be better suited to longer 'clear the ball' instructions so that he doesn't make poor, hurried passes from dangerous positions. Although all passing systems can and should be tweaked to best suit the players at your disposal, there are two basic passing strategies from which you can build. One is focused on keeping possession, controlling the ball and breaking down the opposition in the final third. The other is more counter-attacking orientated and looks to clear the lines before catching a retreating defence out of position and vulnerable to the quick break. Possession/Breaking Down the Opposition: Such a system requires a solid base from which to launch attacks. It is the job of the defenders to ensure possession is retained until a chance opens. Hence, defenders and more defensively minded midfielders should be looking to play possession-friendly short passes. The more creative players will be looking to move the opposition about and open up space in the final third. Hence, they will be playing a far more direct game. If they lose the ball and it is cleared, the defence reorganize, reset the base and the move can start again. Counter-Attacking: This system requires the opposite approach. The defence is expected to be under pressure and its main aim is to clear the lines and, hopefully, initiate a counter while doing so. Hence, defenders’ passing settings will be direct, looking to bypass the midfield and feed the forwards, as a short pass to a deep-lying midfielder can be extremely dangerous if he is immediately closed down and loses possession. Direct passing instructions ensures the whole team is in passing range for an under pressure defender, offering multiple clearance options. The forwards’ job is to try and counter before the opposition gets its defence back into position. Hence, they will be looking to play short passes to their strike partner and supporting midfielders in the hope of quickly working a good through ball opportunity. The above systems will need to be adapted to pitch size and match strategy. For example, on a smaller pitch, the direct passes of the attacking players might be over hit too often and need to be adjusted accordingly. Likewise, to see out a match with a possession mindset might lead to a manager asking a second central midfielder to play short passes to help with ball retention duties and only having four players probing for space in the final third. With a poor side, both systems may need to be based on longer passing instructions to ensure players aren’t making foolish and easily intercepted passes in dangerous positions.

嗯，帮楼主转个剩下的…… 下载的压缩文件解压出错的朋友可按下面说明操作 直接双击打开压缩文件，在RAR窗口里直接将两个 “Tactical Theorems and Frameworks 鈥?9.pdf” 文件重命名为 “Tactical Theorems and Frameworks 09.pdf”，然后可正常解压。原因是文件名字乱码。