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[转]国际：4月语言排行榜出炉 ColdFusion “死而复生”
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2008/4/23镜像同步14 回复
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TIOBE开发语言排行榜日前宣布了2008年4月流行开发语言的排名结果，曾经沉寂很久的ColdFusion 本月突破性地进入了前20名（虽然吊在榜尾）。TIOBE开发语言排行榜每月更新一次，依据的指数是基于世界范围内的资深软件工
TIOBE开发语言排行榜日前宣布了2008年4月流行开发语言的排名结果，曾经沉寂很久的ColdFusion 本月突破性地进入了前20名（虽然吊在榜尾）。
Java 和C 依然占据榜首一二名的位置，不过C 的指数同比去年略有下降。(Visual) Basic上升到第3名，C++ 下降到第5名，Ruby 和Delphi 则保持继续上升的良好态势。详情见下图：
10种语言使用情况曲线图：
其他语言排名：
Position Programming Language Ratings
21 Logo 0.383%
22 Lua 0.378%
23 ActionScript 0.362%
24 Fortran 0.335%
25 RPG 0.297%
26 MATLAB 0.257%
27 Prolog 0.244%
28 Awk 0.228%
29 Transact-SQL 0.206%
30 ABAP 0.204%
31 LabView 0.178%
32 Erlang 0.144%
33 Groovy 0.142%
34 Smalltalk 0.137%
35 Haskell 0.137%
36 PL/I 0.134%
37 Bash 0.127%
38 Objective-C 0.116%
39 Tcl/Tk 0.114%
40 CL (OS/400) 0.110%
41 ML 0.106%
42 Forth 0.102%
43 APL 0.102%
44 REXX 0.102%
45 R 0.101%
46 PowerShell 0.096%
47 Euphoria 0.092%
48 Ch 0.091%
49 Natural 0.090%
50 Caml 0.089%
TIOBE开发语言排行榜每月更新一次，依据的指数是基于世界范围内的资深软件工程师和第三方供应商提供，其结果作为当前业内程序开发语言的流行使用程度的有效指标。流行的搜索引擎包括Google、MSN、Yahoo!和YouTube等。
Position
Apr 2008 Position
Apr 2007 Delta in Position Programming Language Ratings
Apr 2008 Delta
Apr 2007 Status
1 1 Java 20.529% +2.17% A
2 2 C 14.684% -0.25% A
3 5 (Visual) Basic 11.699% +3.42% A
4 4 PHP 10.328% +1.69% A
5 3 C++ 9.945% -0.77% A
6 6 Perl 5.934% -0.10% A
7 7 Python 4.534% +0.72% A
8 8 C# 3.834% +0.28% A
9 10 Ruby 2.855% +0.06% A
10 11 Delphi 2.665% +0.33% A
11 9 JavaScript 2.434% -0.70% A
12 14 D 1.169% -0.35% A
13 13 PL/SQL 0.608% -1.28% B
14 12 SAS 0.572% -1.63% A--
15 21 Pascal 0.513% -0.06% B
16 17 Lisp/Scheme 0.476% -0.20% B
17 22 FoxPro/xBase 0.459% -0.09% B
18 18 COBOL 0.409% -0.24% A--
19 16 Ada 0.393% -0.29% B
20 31 ColdFusion 0.384% +0.11% B
TIOBE Programming Community Index for April 2008
April Headline: Lua hype seems to be over (fallen out of top 20). What is next? Groovy, Erlang?
The TIOBE Programming Community index gives an indication of the popularity of programming languages. The index is updated once a month. The ratings are based on the number of skilled engineers world-wide, courses and third party vendors. The popular search engines Google, MSN, Yahoo!, and YouTube are used to calculate the ratings. Observe that the TIOBE index is not about the best programming language or the language in which most lines of code have been written.
The index can be used to check whether your programming skills are still up to date or to make a strategic decision about what programming language should be adopted when starting to build a new software system. The definition of the TIOBE index can be found here.
Position
Apr 2008 Position
Apr 2007 Delta in Position Programming Language Ratings
Apr 2008 Delta
Apr 2007 Status
1 1 Java 20.529% +2.17% A
2 2 C 14.684% -0.25% A
3 5 (Visual) Basic 11.699% +3.42% A
4 4 PHP 10.328% +1.69% A
5 3 C++ 9.945% -0.77% A
6 6 Perl 5.934% -0.10% A
7 7 Python 4.534% +0.72% A
8 8 C# 3.834% +0.28% A
9 10 Ruby 2.855% +0.06% A
10 11 Delphi 2.665% +0.33% A
11 9 JavaScript 2.434% -0.70% A
12 14 D 1.169% -0.35% A
13 13 PL/SQL 0.608% -1.28% B
14 12 SAS 0.572% -1.63% A--
15 21 Pascal 0.513% -0.06% B
16 17 Lisp/Scheme 0.476% -0.20% B
17 22 FoxPro/xBase 0.459% -0.09% B
18 18 COBOL 0.409% -0.24% A--
19 16 Ada 0.393% -0.29% B
20 31 ColdFusion 0.384% +0.11% B
Long term trends
The long term trends for the top 10 programming languages can be found in the line diagram below.
Other programming languages
The complete top 50 of programming languages is listed below. This overview is published unofficially, because it could be the case that we missed a language. If you have the impression there is a programming language lacking, please notify us at tpci@tiobe.com.
Position Programming Language Ratings
21 Logo 0.383%
22 Lua 0.378%
23 ActionScript 0.362%
24 Fortran 0.335%
25 RPG 0.297%
26 MATLAB 0.257%
27 Prolog 0.244%
28 Awk 0.228%
29 Transact-SQL 0.206%
30 ABAP 0.204%
31 LabView 0.178%
32 Erlang 0.144%
33 Groovy 0.142%
34 Smalltalk 0.137%
35 Haskell 0.137%
36 PL/I 0.134%
37 Bash 0.127%
38 Objective-C 0.116%
39 Tcl/Tk 0.114%
40 CL (OS/400) 0.110%
41 ML 0.106%
42 Forth 0.102%
43 APL 0.102%
44 REXX 0.102%
45 R 0.101%
46 PowerShell 0.096%
47 Euphoria 0.092%
48 Ch 0.091%
49 Natural 0.090%
50 Caml 0.089%
The Next 50 Programming Languages
The following list of languages denotes #51 to #100. Since the differences are relatively small, the programming languages are only listed (in alphabetical order).
* ABC, Algol, Alpha, Applescript, AspectJ, Beta, Boo, cg, Clean, Csh, cT, Curl, DC, Dylan, Eiffel, EXEC, Factor, Felix, Focus, Icon, IDL, Inform, Io, Limbo, Lingo, MAD, Magic, Maple, Mathematica, Modula-2, MOO, MUMPS, Oberon, Occam, Oz, Pike, Postscript, Powerbuilder, Progress, Q, REALbasic, Rebol, S-lang, Scala, SIGNAL, SPSS, VBScript, Verilog, VHDL, XSLT
April Newsflash - Brought to you by Paul Jansen
* Matthew Drayer suggested some extra keywords for the C# language grouping. These have been added. Thanks Matthew!
* In the tables below some long term trends are listed about categories of languages. For the first time in 3 years statically typed languages are moving upwards again.
Category Ratings April 2008 Delta April 2007
Object-Oriented Languages 55.1% +2.6%
Procedural Languages 42.6% -0.9%
Functional Languages 1.7% -0.4%
Logical Languages 0.6% -1.4%
Category Ratings April 2008 Delta April 2007
Statically Typed Languages 56.5% +0.1%
Dynamically Typed Languages 43.5% -0.1%
Frequently Asked Questions
* Q: What definition of programming languages has been used?
A: A language is considered a programming language if it is Turing complete. As a consequence, HTML and XML are not considered programming languages. This also holds for data query language SQL. SQL is not a programming language because it is, for instance, impossible to write an infinite loop in it. On the other hand, SQL extensions PL/SQL and Transact-SQL are programming languages. ASP and ASP.NET are also not programming languages because they make use of other languages such as JavaScript and VBScript or .NET compatible languages. The same is true for frameworks such as Ruby on Rails, Cocoa, and technologies such as AJAX. Finally, we have also excluded assembly languages, although Turing complete, because they have a very different nature.
* Q: How are dialects of languages grouped?
A: Some languages are grouped together because they are very similar to each other. An example is the language entry Basic which covers Visual Basic, QBasic, Microsoft Basic, etc. VB.NET has been added as well to the Visual Basic entry because it is often referred to as Visual Basic. The ratings for a collection of languages is calculated by taking the maximum of all individual entries (not its sum!).
* Q: Am I allowed to show the TIOBE index in my weblog/presentation/publication?
A: This is OK provided that you refer to its original source: www.tiobe.com.
* Q: I would like to have the complete data set of the TIOBE index. Is this possible?
A: We spent a lot of effort to obtain all the data and keep the TIOBE index up to date. In order to compensate a bit for this, we ask a fee of 1,500 US$ for the complete data set. This might seem a lot of money but it is considered strategic data. The data set runs from June 2001 till today. It started with 25 languages back in 2001, and now measures more than 150 languages at least 10 times per month. The data are availabe in comma separated format. Part of the deal is that new data will be send to you for 1 extra year. Please contact sales@tiobe.com for more information.
* Q: What happened to Java in April 2004? Did you change your methodology?
A: No, we did not change our methodology at that time. Google changed its methodology. They performed a general sweep action to get rid of all kinds of web sites that had been pushed up. As a consequence, there was a huge drop for languages such as Java and C++. In order to minimize such fluctuations in the future, we added two more search engines (MSN and Yahoo) a few months after this incident.
* Q: Why is YouTube used as a search engine for the TIOBE index?
A: First of all, YouTube counts only for 4% of all ratings, so it has hardly any influence on the index. YouTube has been added as an experiment. It qualified for the TIOBE index because of its high ranking on Alexa. YouTube is a young platform (so an indicator for popularity) and there are quite some lectures, presentations, programming tips and language introductions available on YouTube.